Menene dutsen da ke aiki a duniya?

Dutsen tsaunuka abubuwa ne masu ban mamaki wadanda ta yadda zasu iya kirkirar dukkanin nahiyoyi ko tsibirai, zasu iya lalata komai a farke guda. A hakikanin gaskiya, masana ilimin tsaunuka suna da idanunsu kan Yellowstone supervolcano, saboda lokacin da ya fashe (wanda zai faru, nan ba da dadewa ba), rayuwa a Duniya ba zata sake zama haka ba.

Duk da hatsarin, ba su gushe suna ba mu mamaki ba. Masu riƙewa ne daga abubuwan da suka gabata, lokacin da duniya ke rayuwa. Volkano mai aiki wani abin kallo ne na halitta wanda yake da ban sha'awa sosai, amma koyaushe daga nesa nesa. Za ka so ka san su wanene?

Babban duwatsu masu aiki a duniya

Barcena

Bárcena shine sunan da aka bawa ɗayan dutsen mai fitad da wuta a Meziko. Tana cikin tsibirin Revillagigedo, kilomita 350 kudu da Baja California Sur, a tsibirin San Benedicto, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren yawon bude ido a kasar.

Farkon fashewar fashewar ya faru ne a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1952, ranar da aka haifi dutsen mai fitad da wuta, yana korar wani shafi na toka wanda ya wuce mita 3000 a tsayi.

eyjafjallajökull

Eyjafjallajökull wani madaidaiciya ne mai tsayin mita 1666 wanda aka rufe katangar dusar kankara tsawon shekara. Tana can kudu da Iceland, kuma ya kasance yana aiki kusan shekaru 8.0002010 kasancewar shekara ce ta kwanan nan da ta ɓarke.

Afrilu 14th kora game da mita miliyan 250 na toka mai aman wuta, kai tsayin kilomita goma sha ɗaya kuma shimfidawa a wani yanki na dubban murabba'in kilomita, wanda yake tilasta dakatar da jirage sama da 20.000.

Etna

Etna (gabar gabashin Sicily, Italia), ita ce dutsen da ke aiki sosai a Turai. Yana da tsayi kusan 3,329m, kuma an yi amannar cewa ta fara matakin farko na shekaru 500.000 da suka gabata. Abin mamaki ne, ta yadda har UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya a cikin Yunin 2013, kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta saka shi a cikin 16 Volcanoes of the Decade.

Tun 1600 AD. Aƙalla an samu fashewar abubuwa a kaikaice guda 60 da na ƙididdiga a taron, na ƙarshe a shekarar 2008. Duk da haka, tun daga 1669 ba ta haifar da matsala ba. A waccan shekarar maimakon haka, a tsakanin watannin Maris zuwa Yuli, an kori kimanin m830.000.000 na lawa, wanda ya tilasta barin garin Nicolosi.

Galleys

Dutsen tsaunin Galeras yana ƙasar Kolombiya kuma yana da tsayin mita 4276. An fara yin fashewar sa a cikin 1580, kuma na baya bayan nan a cikin 1993. Yana da haɗari sosai, tunda yana kusa da birni mai yawan jama'a, San Juan de Pasto, wanda ke da yawan mazauna 450.815 (a cikin 2017).

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan ta yi fashe-fashe da dama, irin wanda aka yi a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 2009. A wannan ranar akwai korar wani shafi wanda yakai kimanin kilomita takwas. An samu rahoton fashewar abubuwa biyu a yammacin dutsen mai aman wuta.

Tsibirin El Hierro

Dutsen dutsen mai aman wuta a tsibirin El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain) ya ja hankalin masana kimiyya a 2011 Sakamakon fashewar sa, wanda yayi sanadiyyar fitar da abu mai sihiri kuma wanda ya haifar da jerin girgizar kasa mai karfin kasa da 5 a ma'aunin Richter.

Yayinda wasu duwatsu suka faɗi kuma an yi tsammanin cewa ƙarfi da saurin girgizar ƙasa zai ƙaru, hukuma ta kwashe mutane hamsin da uku daga garuruwan El Lunchón, Pie Risco, Los Corchos, wani ɓangare na Las Puntas da Guinea a cikin gundumar Frontera.

Kilauea

Kilauea (Hawaii) ɗayan ɗayan tsaunuka ne masu aiki a Hawaii da duniya. Ya kai kimanin mita 1247. An yi imanin cewa yana tsakanin shekaru 300.000 zuwa 600.000, kuma cewa ya fito daga saman ruwa kimanin shekaru 100.000 da suka wuce.

Fashewar yanzu ta fara ƙari ko lessasa a cikin 1970, tare da mafi lalacewa a cikin 1990 lokacin da kwararar ruwa ta mamaye garin Kalapana na kusaZuwa lokacin, ta rusa gidaje sama da 100 a cikin watanni 9 kacal.

Dutsen Merapi

Dutsen Merapi, wanda aka fi sani da Mount Fire, dutsen mai fitad da wuta ne wanda aka samo a cikin ƙasar Indonesia. Tana da tsawon mita 2911, kuma tana daya daga cikin mafiya hadari a Duniya. Tun 1548 ya ɓarke ​​sau 69.

A watan Oktoba 2010 amansa ya haifar da girgizar kasa mai karfin 7.7 da tsunami wanda ya kashe mutane 272.

Dutsen Nyiragongo

Dutsen Nyiragongo, wanda ke cikin Gandun dajin Kasa na Virunga a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo) yana daga ɗayan mafiya tasiri a duniya. Tana da tsayin mita 3470 kuma a cikin shekaru 150 da suka gabata ya yi rijista fiye da hamsin. Tare da dutsen Nyamuragira, ana zargin yana haifar da kashi 40% na fashewar da aka yi rikodin a Afirka.

Lokacin da ya fashe, yana fitar da lawa da sauri, wanda zai iya isa garuruwan da ke kusa da sauri, da sauri na 60km / h. A cikin 2002, an kwashe wasu mutane 300.000.

Dutsen saint helena

Dutsen Santa Helena wani madaidaicin hoto ne wanda yake da tsayin mita 2550. Tana cikin yankin Skamania, jihar Washington. Yana ɗayan sanannun sanannun Arewacin Amurka, tunda a cikin Mayu 1980 tana da fashewa da karfi sosai kamar dai sun jefa bam na atom 500 daga Hiroshima.

Har ila yau, ya haifar da girgizar kasa mai karfin 5.1 wanda ya haifar da dusar kankara mafi girma da aka taɓa rubutawa a Duniya, tare da adadin da ya kai kimanin mita biliyan 3,3.

Vesubio mont

Dutsen Vesuvius (Italia) ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan maɗaukakiyar aman wuta a duniya saboda wurin da yake, domin kilomita 9 ne kawai daga Naples. Tana da tsayin mita 1281, kuma a cikin shekara ta 79 BC wani fashewa ya rufe biranen Herculaneum da Pompeii da toka.

Idan yau zata sake fashewa kamar haka, da yawa daga cikin jama'ar dole ne a kwashe su nan da nan, kuma waɗanda suka tsaya, za su ga duwatsu masu fahariya manya-manya cewa rukunin gas ba zai iya riƙe su ba.

sakurajima

Sakurajima yana da tsayin mita 1117 kuma yana kan tsibirin Kyüshü (yankin Kagoshima, Japan). A ranar 11 ga Janairu, 1914, guguwar girgizar ƙasa ta faɗakar da mazaunan tsibirin, waɗanda aka kwashe. Dutsen dutse fitar da wani shafi na toka wanda ya tashi zuwa kilomita takwas a tsawansa. Bayan kwana biyu, girgizar kasa mai karfi ta kashe mutane 35. Saboda yawan ruwan lava da aka kora, ya karfafa kuma ya shiga Ösumi Peninsula.

Kodayake ya kasance yana da ƙari ko lessasa barci tun shekara ta 1955, babban adadin magma da ke tarawa a ciki yana nuna cewa da sannu zai farka kuma.

Santa María

Dutsen tsaunin Santa María, wanda ke kusa da garin Quetzaltenango, a yammacin Guatemala, ya kai mita 3772. Kodayake yana cikin yanki mai yanayin yanayi mai zafi, saboda tsayinsa yana iya bayyana rufe da dusar ƙanƙara. Fashewa mafi muni ita ce ta 1902, wacce ta kashe mutane XNUMX..

A ranar 18 ga Afrilun wannan shekarar, wata girgizar kasa mai karfi ta lalata garin Quetzatenango, da kuma ranar 24 ga Oktoba dutsen mai fitad da wuta ya kori kimanin 5,5 km3 na magma. Fashewar ta yi tsanani sosai har aka gano toka ko da a San Francisco, sama da kilomita 4.000.

ulawun

Dutsen Ulawun, wanda ke da tsayin mita 2334, yana tsibirin New Biritaniya, a cikin tsibirin Bismarck (Papua New Guinea), ya rubuta duka fashewar fashewar 18 tun karni na 22, na farkonsu ya kasance a 1700.

Shin akwai duwatsu masu aiki a Spain?

Kodayake a Spain akwai dutsen da yawa, kamar Santa Margarita (Olot), Kogin Calatrava mai aman wuta, ko kuma dutsen tsaunin Cabo de Gata, tsibirin Canary yana da haɗari mafi girma saboda kasancewarsa asalin aman wuta. Akwai tsaunin Teide (Tenerife) da dutsen Teneguia (tsibirin La Palma), da kuma wani dutsen da ke karkashin ruwa kusa da El Hierro kamar yadda muka ambata a baya.

Duk da haka, A halin yanzu babu hatsari kamar na Hawaii ko Japan. El Teide ya barke a karo na karshe a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 1909, da Teneguia a 1971. Kuma El Hierro bai yi barna ba.

Shin kun san wasu duwatsu masu aman wuta da ke aiki a halin yanzu?