Idan kana zaune a yankin da ke da sanyin hunturu, tabbas ka wayi gari da safe kuma dukkan tsire sun lullubeshi da farin farin kankara. Wannan Layer, wacce ta bayyana nieve, ake kira Sanyi. Al'amari ne na samuwar ƙananan lu'ulu'u mai kankara wanda ya samar da adon lu'ulu'u. Sun fi yin tsari a kusa da motoci, akan tagogi, da kan tsire-tsire lokacin da yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa sosai da dare. Don sanyi ya samu, ba kawai ya isa a sami ƙarancin zafin jiki ba, amma dole a cika wasu yanayi don hakan ta faru.
Shin kana son sanin menene bukatun kuma yaya sanyi yake samuwa? A cikin wannan labarin zamu bayyana muku komai dalla-dalla.
Jikewar ƙamshin iska
Iskar da muke shaka ba kawai cakuda gas bane wanda iskar oxygen da nitrogen suka fi yawa a ciki. Akwai kuma gumi ko me ya kasance ruwa a yanayi na tururi. Kamar yadda muka sani, jikewar iska cikin ɗumi ya dogara da yanayin zafin jikin iska da yanayin muhalli. Lessarancin zafin da muke ciki, da sannu iska zata cika da danshi. Wannan shine abin da ke faruwa yayin da muka isa motar a cikin hunturu kuma tare da numfashinmu muna haifar da tagogi hazo.
Abinda ke faruwa idan muka shiga wannan yanayin shine iska a cikin motar yayi sanyi, don haka idan har yanzu muna ci gaba da fitar da iska da danshi, za mu cika shi kuma zai ƙare. Don cire hazo daga tagogi, dole ne muyi amfani da dumama. Iska mai dumi tana tallafawa ƙarin tururin ruwa ba tare da tarawa ba.
Kodayake yana iya zama kamar wani abu ne wanda ya saba wa duk wata ma'ana, iska a cikin hamada tana da tururin ruwa sama da iska a yankin tsaunukan dusar ƙanƙara. Menene ya faru to? Haɗaɗɗen iska tare da yanayin zafin jiki mafi girma yana iya riƙe ƙarin tururin ruwa ba tare da sanya shi ba.. Wannan an san shi da batun raɓa. kuma yana nuna yawan zafin jiki wanda iska ke cike da danshi kuma yake fara tarawa. Hakanan yayi daidai da hazo da muke fitarwa a daren hunturu.
Yaya sanyi yake
Da zarar mun san yanayin jikewar iska a cikin danshi, zamu iya fahimtar yadda sanyi ke kasancewa. Da kyau, tunda iskar da muke shaka tana ɗauke da danshi, idan yanayin zafin ya yi ƙasa sosai, tururin ruwa ba kawai zai tara ba ne, zai zama yanayi mai ƙarfi. Don sanyi ya samu, dole ne ya kasance akwai ƙarancin zafin jiki sama da yanayin jikewa na iska.
Idan dare yayi, rana takan daina samarda zafi ga muhallin kuma iska takan fara sanyi cikin sauri. Coolasa tana yin sanyi ma fiye da yadda iska take yi. Idan babu iska, iska tana yin sanyi a cikin yadudduka. Iskan da ya fi sanyi, ya fi yawa, saboda haka yana sauka zuwa saman. A gefe guda, iska mai ɗumi za ta kasance a ɗaga mafi girma, tunda ba ta da yawa.
Lokacin da iska mai sanyi ke sauka zuwa saman, yawan zafin jiki zai kara sauka saboda tasirin sanyi tsakanin yanayin iska da kasar sanyi. Wannan zai sa yanayin zafi ya zama ƙasa da yanayin zafi na iska, don haka tururin ruwan ya dunkule ya zama digon ruwa. Idan yanayin zafin jiki bai kai 0 digiri ba kuma babu iska da zata lalata wannan kwanciyar hankali, dusar ruwa ajiya a saman kamar ganyen tsire, gilashin mota, da sauransu. Za su zama lu'ulu'u ne na kankara.
Wannan shine yadda sanyi ke faruwa a daren hunturu mai sanyi.
Abubuwan buƙatu don sanyi su samar
Kamar yadda muka gani, muna buƙatar iska ta kasance ƙasa da sifiri, ba tare da iska ba kuma don iska ta cika da danshi. Cikin yanayi inda iska ta bushe, ba za ku ga sanyi ya taso ba koda kuwa zafin-digirin -20 ne ko kasa da haka. Gaskiyar cewa ruwa daskarewa zuwa sifili ba gaskiya bane. An koya mana tun muna yara cewa wurin daskarewa na ruwa ba shi da digiri, amma ba haka batun yake ba kwata-kwata.
Ruwa na halitta yawanci yana da ƙazanta irin su ƙura, dunƙulen ƙasa ko kowane abu wanda ke aiki azaman haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar hygroscopic. Wannan yana nufin cewa waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna aiki a matsayin cibiya don samuwar ɗigon ruwa ko, a wannan yanayin, lu'ulu'u ne na kankara. Idan ruwan ya kasance tsarkakakke, ba tare da wata kwayar halitta ba, za a buƙaci zafin jiki na digiri -42 don ruwan ya canza daga ruwa zuwa yanayi mai ƙarfi.
Wannan ma yana daya daga cikin dalilan da yasa a wasu wuraren da ke da ƙurar yanayi akwai ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da ba zato ba tsammani. Wannan saboda akwai babban natsuwa na mahaukacin halitta halittar girgije kuma digon ruwa yana samuwa kafin hazo.
Hakanan ana iya samun wadannan halittu masu hade jiki a saman da muka ambata kamar motoci, gilashi ko ruwa wato tashansuwa ta hanyar musayar gas na shuke-shuke. Farfajiyar shuka na iya samun tarko na ƙura, yashi, da sauransu. Wannan yana matsayin cibiyar samar da yanayi don samarda lu'ulu'un kankara.
Sakamakon mara kyau
Frost kanta ba ta da haɗari dangane da saman inda aka samar da ita. Idan muna da sanyi a kan kwalta zai iya haifar da haɗarin zirga-zirga saboda rashin dacewa da ƙafafun ƙafafun zuwa ƙasa da kuma ɓoyewar da ba zato ba tsammani. A wannan bangaren, akwai tsire-tsire masu yawa waɗanda ba sa haƙuri da sanyi da ƙarancin sanyi. A cikin waɗannan nau'ikan yanayi, ana iya shafar amfanin gona da gaske.
Ga sauran wuraren, sanyi yakan ba da matsala. Yana kawai ƙara jin sanyi.
Ina fatan wannan bayanin zai taimaka muku koya game da sanyi.