Robert hooke Ya kasance babban masanin kimiyya wanda ya ba da gudummawar ra'ayoyi da ci gaba da yawa ga kimiyya. Ya kuma kasance masanin falsafar halitta. Ya kasance farfesa a fannin ilimin lissafi kuma mai safiyo a garin London, Ingila. An san shi da irin gudummawar da ya bayar a kimiyyar lissafi, microscopy, biology da kuma gine-gine. Ya kirkiri kayan kida irin su ma'aunin zafi na ma'aunin zafi, ma'aunin sankara, anemometer da sauran kayan kida, wadanda suka zama muhimmin gado ga kimiyya da mutuntaka.
A cikin wannan sakon za mu yi tafiya zuwa abubuwan da suka gabata don koyo game da tarihin rayuwa da abubuwan da Robert Hooke ya yi a duk rayuwarsa. Shin kuna son sanin mahimmancin wannan masanin kimiyya ga duniyar kimiyya? Anan zamu bayyana muku komai daki-daki 🙂
Rayuwa da mutuwar Robert Hooke
An haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Yulin, 1635. Shi ne na ƙarshe cikin ‘yan’uwa huɗu, maza biyu da mata biyu. An ce yana da kaɗaici da bakin ciki ƙuruciya, ya sha fama da yawan ciwon kai da ciwon ciki, wanda ya hana shi wasa da yara irin na sa. Wancan kadaicin tun yana yaro ya sanya shi wasa da babbar dabara da tunani. Ya yi hasken rana, injin sarrafa ruwa, jiragen ruwa masu iya harba harsasai, ya ɗauki agogon tagulla ya sake gina shi cikin itace, yana aiki daidai.
Yayin samartaka Hooke ya kasance cikin Mawakan Cocin Katolika na Diocese na Oxford (Kwalejin Christ Church). Wannan zamanin shine wanda ya ƙirƙira Hooke a cikin sha'awar kimiyya. Ya kasance yana da sha'awar ayyukan kiyayewa da yawa da aka gudanar, tunda yana ganin cewa masu ba da kariya suna yi musu barazana.
An gudanar da tarurruka na manyan masana kimiyya, falsafa, da ilimi a makarantar Westminster, saboda haka Robert ya halarci da yawa daga cikinsu. Yayin da abokan karatuna ke cikin ayyukan wasa, Hooke ya mai da hankali kan neman abin duniya. Ya fara neman kudi a matsayin mai taimakon sinadarin kimiyyar sinadarai. Daga baya ya zama mataimakin dakin gwaje-gwaje. A wancan lokacin, shekarar 1658, an aiwatar da aikin samar da fanfunan iska ko "machina boyleana", bisa la’akari da na Ralph Greatorex, wanda Hooke ya dauke shi da cewa “Ba a cika yin wani babban aiki ba”.
Yana da babbar dama ga lissafi. Bayan ayyukansa da yawa an gano ingancinsa kuma an ba shi shawarar matsayin farko na manajan Royal Society of London. Wannan matsayi ya buƙaci kasancewa ƙwararren gwaji da ƙwararren masanin kimiyya. Robert Hooke ya ba da cikakken lokaci ga ayyukansa.
A ƙarshe ya wuce a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1703 a birnin London. Royal Society of London sun ba shi babban kyauta don duk abubuwan da za mu gani a ƙasa.
Gano abubuwa
Hooke ya kwashe wani lokaci yana aiki tare da Boyle kuma Boyle ya gabatar masa da wata manufa wacce itace ta tsara da kuma gina fanfon da zai iya matse iska don samar da wuri. Sun kwashe shekaru suna nazarin ilimin iskar gas har sai da suka samu. Abunda ya fara ganowa shine bututun iska.
Tare da wannan famfon na layin iska da tasirin da aka samu sau da yawa. Godiya ga wannan famfo, dabara ta Dokar Gas. A cikin wannan doka ana iya tabbatar da yadda girman gas yake daidai da matsi da yake dashi.
Iyawa
Wani abin da ya gano shine iyawa. Yana ma'amala da zubewar ruwa da sauran ruwaye ta cikin siffin gilashin gilashi. A cikin wadannan gwaje-gwajen an gano cewa tsayin da ruwan ya kai yana da alaka da diamita na bututun. Wannan sananne ne a yau azaman iko.
An gano wannan binciken dalla-dalla a cikin aikinsa "Micrography." Godiya ga waɗannan ayyukan ya sami damar samun matsayin Curator a cikin Royal Society of London.
Sel da ka'idar kwayar halitta
Godiya ga madubin hangen nesa, Hooke ya gano cewa takardar muryar tana da ƙananan ramuka na polyhedral kamar saƙar zuma. Kowane rami ya kira shi tantanin halitta. Abin da bai sani ba shi ne mahimmancin da waɗannan ƙwayoyin za su samu a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin rayayyun halittu.
Kuma Robert yana kallo matattun ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire a cikin siffar polygonal. Shekaru daga baya, za'a gano kayan halittar masu rai ta hanyar lura dasu a karkashin madubin hangen nesa.
Wani binciken da aka gano shine godiya ga ilimin da yake da shi game da tsarin ƙwayoyin halitta. A cikin karni na XNUMX, tare da ilimin da Robert Hooke ya bayar, ana iya aiwatar da bayanan tunanin kwayar halitta:
- Dukkanin abubuwa masu rai sun hada da kwayoyi da samfuran su.
- Kwayoyin sune sassan tsari da aiki.
- Dukkanin kwayoyin halitta sun fito ne daga sel da suka wanzu. An ƙara wannan a cikin 1858 ta Virchow.
A karshen wannan karnin, binciken da ya biyo baya ya nuna cewa kwayoyin halitta na iya bamu dalilin da asalin cututtukan da dama. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan mutum bashi da lafiya saboda suna da ƙwayoyin cuta a ciki waɗanda basa da lafiya.
Uranus duniya
Har ila yau shine ke da alhakin gano duniyar Uranus. Don yin wannan, yana lura da tauraron dan adam kuma ya sadaukar da kansa don ƙirƙirar ra'ayoyi game da gravitation. Kayan aikin da ake buƙata don auna motsin rana da taurari shi ne ya yi su. Duk wannan ya ba da babban ci gaba ga kimiyya da lura da sararin samaniya.
Ka'idar motsi ta duniya
Ba wai kawai ya gano duniyar Uranus bane amma ya kirkiro Ka'idar Motion Planetary. Ya sami damar tsara ta daga matsalar kanikanci. Ya bayyana ka'idojin jan hankalin duniya, daga cikin mafi karfi bayanan da aka sanya akwai wanda ke karantawa: dukkan jikin yana tafiya cikin madaidaiciya, sai dai idan wani karfi ya batar da shi, wannan zai sa su motsa, ko dai ta hanyar da'ira, ellipse ko misalai.
Ya tabbatar da cewa duk jikin yana da nasa karfin karfin a bakin koginsa sannan kuma suma suna iya shafar karfin jikin dake kusa dasu. Kusan yadda muke kusanci da sauran sammai, haka nan karfin wannan jan hankali yake shafar mu. Hakanan, yi ƙoƙarin bincika hakan Duniya tana tafiya a cikin wani zagaye na rana.
Kamar yadda kake gani, Robert Hooke ya sami ci gaba sosai a fannin kimiyya kuma ba za a manta da sunansa ba.