A cikin Cenozoic yana a Lokacin Neogene kuma an raba shi zuwa zamani dayawa. A yau zamuyi magana ne akan lokacin karshe na wannan lokacin wanda aka sani da Pliocene. Pliocene ya fara kimanin shekaru miliyan 5.5 da suka gabata kuma ya ƙare shekaru miliyan 2.6 da suka wuce. Wannan lokacin na iya zama mai matukar mahimmanci daga mahangar ɗan adam tunda a wannan lokacin burbushin farko da aka gano akan australopithecus. Wannan nau'in shine farkon hominid da ya wanzu a nahiyar Afirka.

A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da Pliocene.

Babban fasali

Wannan zamanin ya ƙare da canje-canje masu mahimmanci game da bambancin halittu, duka game da fure da fauna, da kuma na ɗan adam. Waɗannan canje-canje sun kasance ne saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbobi da tsirrai za su fara kasancewa a cikin yankuna daban-daban waɗanda iyakokin yanayi suka iyakance su. Wadannan wurare a cikin jinsuna da yawa sun kasance har zuwa yau.

Wannan zamanin ya dau kusan shekaru miliyan 3. Akwai wasu canje-canje a matakin tekuna. Duk cikin Pliocene akwai canje-canje masu mahimmanci da mahimmanci a jikin ruwa. Daya daga cikin sanannun sanannun shine lalacewar hanyoyin sadarwa wanda ya kasance tsakanin Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Fasifik. Wannan sakamakon fitowar Isthmus na Panama ne. Kamar yadda canje-canje suka taso a cikin waɗannan tekuna, haka kuma an sake cika Bahar Rum da ruwan da ya fito daga Tekun Atlantika. Wannan ya kawo karshen rikicin gishiri na Almasihu.

Ofaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fasali na zamanin Pliocene shine bayyanar farkon ƙafafun kafa biyu. Ana samun wannan bayanin albarkacin yawancin burbushin da aka tattara daga wannan lokacin. Farkon wanda ya fara bayyana a wannan duniyar tamu an sanya masa suna australopithecus. Ya sha bamban a asalin halittar mutum kamar yadda muka san shi tun lokacin da samfurin farko na jinsin Homo ya samo asali.

Ilimin Geology

A wannan lokacin babu wani babban aiki na maganganu. Da Gudun daji Yana ci gaba da matsawa da canzawa nahiyoyin zuwa matsayinsu na yanzu. A wannan lokacin motsi nahiyoyi ya kasance mai saurin tafiya a cikin teku da tekuna. Kusan suna da matsayi irin na yau. Ba su da nisa kaɗan.

Ofayan mahimman ci gaba a cikin ilimin ilimin halittu na Pliocene shine samuwar tsibirin Panama. Wannan tsari shine ya hada Arewa da Kudancin Amurka. Wannan lamari ya wuce gona da iri tunda shima yana da tasiri akan yanayin duniya baki daya. Da wannan mashigin ne, aka rufe duk hanyoyin sadarwa da suka wanzu tsakanin Tekun Pacific da Tekun Atlantika.

A matakin sandunan, duka ruwan Antarctic da na Arctic sun sha wahala sosai a yanayin zafi, suna zama mafi tsananin sanyin duniya. Akwai bayanan da kwararru suka tattara wanda ke cewa a wannan lokacin an sami raguwar sanannen matakin teku kuma saboda yawan iyakokin polar da glacial sun karu. Wannan ya haifar da sakamako wanda ya haifar da yankuna fili da suka mamaye a halin yanzu. Misali, akwai batun gadar kasa da ta hada Rasha da nahiyar Amurka. Wannan gadar a halin yanzu tana cikin nutsewa kuma ta mamaye ta yadda aka santa da Bering Strait.

Sauyin yanayi

A wannan lokacin wanda ya ɗauki kusan shekaru miliyan 3, yanayin ya bambanta kuma yana canzawa. Dangane da bayanan da kwararru kan yanayi suka tattara, akwai lokutan da zafin jiki ya karu sosai. An bambanta wannan a wasu lokuta, musamman a ƙarshen Pliocene, inda yanayin zafi ya ragu sosai.

Daga cikin mahimman halayen yanayi a wannan lokacin shine yanayi ne na yanayi. Wato, suna gabatar da yanayi, biyu daga cikinsu suna da alama sosai. Daya shine lokacin hunturu wanda kankara ke yaduwa a duk duniya. Sauran kuwa lokacin rani ne inda kankara ta narke kuma ta ba wuri mai faɗi sosai mara kyau.

Gabaɗaya, ana iya cewa yanayi a ƙarshen Pliocene ya yi sanyi sosai saboda ƙaruwar yanayin zafin da muka yi tsokaci a baya. Bugu da kari, ta samu kyakkyawan yanayin bushewa kuma ya sa aka canza yanayin da sauya shi daga dazuzzuka zuwa savannas.

Bambancin halittu

Dabbobin sunada yawa a lokacin Pliocene kuma sunzo suka mallaki wurare daban-daban. Koyaya, flora tayi fama da wani irin yanayi na tabarbarewar yanayi saboda yanayin yanayin yanayi bai zama mai kyau ba. Tare da kasancewar lokacin sanyi inda kankara ta mamaye mafi yawan duniyan da kuma lokacin rani da rani mara kyau, babu wasu yanayi masu mahimmanci don ci gaba ko yaban shuke-shuke.

Flora

Shuke-shuke da suka fi yaduwa a lokacin zamanin Pliocene sune filayen ciyawa. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa su shuke-shuke ne waɗanda zasu iya daidaitawa cikin sauƙin yanayin ƙarancin yanayin da ya mamaye lokacin Pliocene. Wasu tsire-tsire masu zafi sun wanzu, musamman a cikin dazuzzuka da gandun daji, amma an iyakance shi ga yankin mashigar ƙasa. A wannan yankin ne inda yanayin canjin ya kasance don su yalwata kuma yaɗu.

Canjin yanayi da ya faru a wannan lokacin ya sa manyan yankuna sun bayyana ba su da yawa da halaye na hamada. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan yankuna har yanzu suna da yawa a yau. Amma ga yankunan da suka fi kusa da sandunan, iri iri ne da suke da yawa a yau aka kafa. Su conifers ne. Wannan saboda suna da babban juriya ga sanyi kuma suna da damar haɓaka cikin ƙarancin yanayin zafi.

fauna

Kamar yadda mukayi bayani a baya, daya daga cikin abubuwanda suka shafi dan adam ya bayyana a wannan lokacin. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suma sun sami babban juyin halitta haifar da su don yadawa a kan adadi mai yawa na muhallin daban.

Tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya sani game da Pliocene da duk manyan fasalulluka.