El Pico de Orizaba Ana samunsa a saman Mexico da Arewacin Amurka. Kololuwa ce da ke da dutsen mai aman wuta wanda aka tabbatar da fashewa da yawa a cikin tarihinsa. Yana da adadi mai yawa na almara da labarai masu ban sha'awa don sani.
Saboda haka, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da kololuwar Orizaba, halayensa, fashewa da ƙari.
Halayen kololuwar Orizaba
A Nahuatl, sunan kololuwar Orizaba Citlaltépetl, wanda ke nufin "dutsen taurari" ko "tudun taurari". A cewar almara, allahn Aztec Quetzacóatl ya hau dutsen mai aman wuta wata rana kuma ya fara tafiya har abada. A cikin tarihinsa an tabbatar da fashewar abubuwa 23 da 2 da ba a tantance ba. Pico de Orizaba shine kololuwa mafi girma da dutsen mai aman wuta a Mexico da Arewacin Amurka. An kafa Pico de Orizaba akan farar ƙasa da slate a lokacin Cretaceous.
Yana cikin tsakiya sai wuta ta cinye jikinsa mai mutuƙar mutuwa, amma ruhinsa ya ɗauki kamannin ƙugiya mai tashi har sai da aka gani daga ƙasa, sai ya zama kamar tauraro mai haske. Saboda haka, Aztecs suka kira shi Citlaltépetlal volcano. Pico de Orizaba shine kololuwa mafi girma da dutsen mai aman wuta a Mexico da Arewacin Amurka. Shirin Volcano na Duniya na Cibiyar Smithsonian ya kiyasta tsayinsa a mita 5.564, kodayake Sabis na Geological na Mexico ya sanya shi a mita 5.636 sama da matakin teku. A nasa bangaren, Cibiyar Kididdiga da Kasa ta Kasa (INEGI) ta tabbatar da cewa dutsen mai aman wuta yana da tsayin mita 5.610.
Yankin yana tsakanin jihohin Veracruz da Puebla a yankin kudu ta tsakiya na kasar. Idan aka gan shi daga matakin teku, siffarsa ta kusan daidaita kuma ta ƙunshi babban koli da wani rami mai faɗin mita 500 da zurfin kimanin mita 300. Yana daga cikin Transversal Volcanic Axis, tsarin tsaunuka a gefen kudu na farantin Arewacin Amurka. Yana daya daga cikin tuddai uku na dusar ƙanƙara a Mexico, galibi a arewa da arewa maso yamma. Waɗannan adadin kankara sun ragu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Samuwar Dutsen Pico de Orizaba
Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai jujjuyawa ya ƙunshi tsaunuka da yawa kuma sakamakon rugujewar (rushewar) faranti na Cocos da Rivera a ƙarƙashin farantin Arewacin Amurka. Pico de Orizaba ya samo asali ne a kan farar ƙasa da shale a lokacin Cretaceous, amma an samo asali ne ta hanyar matsa lamba daga magma da aka samo tsakanin iyakokin faranti.
Wannan stratovolcano ya haɓaka siffarsa fiye da shekaru miliyoyin shekaru, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar gano matakai uku masu dacewa da 3 na halin yanzu da aka yi amfani da su, wanda gine-gine da lalata suka kasance akai-akai. Kashi na farko ya fara kimanin shekaru miliyan 1 da suka wuce a cikin Pleistocene ta Tsakiya, lokacin da dukan tushen dutsen mai aman wuta ya ci gaba. Lawan da aka kora daga ciki na Duniya ya ƙarfafa kuma ya kafa Torrecillas stratovolcano, amma rushewa a cikin gefen arewa maso gabas ya haifar da samuwar caldera shekaru 250.000 da suka wuce.
A cikin kashi na biyu, mazugi na Epolón de Oro ya fito zuwa arewacin rafin Torrecillas. Dutsen dutsen ya ci gaba da girma a gefen yamma. Tsarin ya rushe kimanin shekaru 16.500 da suka wuce, bayan haka an yi kashi na uku: ginin mazugi na yanzu a cikin rami mai siffar takalmin dawaki da Epolon de Oro ya bari.Akwai maganar kashi na huɗu, wanda ya haɗa da gina wasu kusoshi na lava da aka gina a lokacin. Ci gaban Epolon de Oro: Tecomate da Colorado. An haɗa dutsen mai aman wuta na yanzu a lokacin ƙarshen zamanin Pleistocene da Holocene, kuma aikinsa ya fara ne da fitowar dacite lava wanda ya samar da tudu.
Rashes
Fashewar Pico de Orizaba ta ƙarshe ta samo asali ne daga 1846 kuma ba ta aiki tun daga lokacin. A cikin tarihinsa an tabbatar da fashewar abubuwa 23 da 2 da ba a tantance ba. Aztecs sun rubuta abubuwan da suka faru a cikin 1363, 1509, 1512 da 1519-1528, kuma akwai shaidar wasu fashewa a 1687, 1613, 1589-1569, 1566 da 1175. A bayyane farkon abin da aka tabbatar shine 7530 KZ. C± 40. Duk da kasancewarsa dutsen mai aman wuta kuma yana da babban mazugi da aka samu ta hanyar fashewar fashewar abubuwa, Pico de Orizaba bai shiga tarihi ba a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka masu lalata a Mexico.
Kayan aiki
Dutsen mai aman wuta ya kafa magudanan ruwa da yawa, ciki har da kogin Cotaxtla, Jamapa, Blanco, da kogin Orizaba. Yana cikin yanki mai tsananin sanyi, sanyi a lokacin rani da damina tsakanin lokacin rani da hunturu.
Amma ga flora da fauna, gandun daji na coniferous sun fi yawa, galibi pines da oyamel, amma kuma za ku sami goge mai tsayi da zacatonales. Gida ne ga bobcats, skunks, berayen volcano, da voles na Mexico.
Kuna iya gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban, wanda ya fi fice shine hawan dutse da hawan dutse. Dutsen tsaunuka kusan mizanin siminti ne mai dutsen dutse mai tsayi kimanin mita 480 da 410 a diamita. Ramin yana da fadin murabba'in mita 154.830 da zurfin mita 300. Daga babban taron za ku iya ganin sauran jeri na tsaunuka irin su Iztacchihuatl da Popocatépetl (ayyukan tsaunuka masu aiki), Malinche da Cofre de Perote.
Volcanoes shine babban tushen samar da ruwa ga yawancin al'ummomi. Uku daga cikin glaciers biyar da ke Pico de Orizaba sun bace a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, inda kawai Glacier Jamapa ke farawa, wanda ke farawa a saman tekun mita 5,000 kuma shine mafi girman kankara a Mexico da Amurka ta Tsakiya.
Masu bincike daga cibiyar kimiyyar yanayi ta kasar Mexico sun tabbatar da cewa illar dumamar yanayi na shafar yankin da dutsen mai aman wuta ke yi. Dubban dusar kankara uku na manyan tsaunuka na Mexico suna bacewa. A cikin Iztacchihuatl da Popocatépetl kusan babu abin da ya rage, yayin da Pico de Orizaba ke kan hanya guda don rage kauri da tsawo. A cikin tarihinta an tabbatar da fashewa 23 da fashewa biyu marasa iyaka, fashewa ta ƙarshe tun daga 1846. Ba a la'akari da dutsen mai lalacewa.
Menene almara na Pico de Orizaba?
Tatsuniyar gida ta ce da dadewa, a zamanin Olmec, akwai wani babban jarumi mai suna Navalny ya rayu. Mace ce kyakkyawa kuma jajirtacciya kuma koyaushe tana tare da amininta aminanta Ahuilizapan, wanda ke nufin “Orizaba”, kyakkyawar kawa.
Nahuani ya fuskanci yaƙe-yaƙe mafi girma kuma an ci shi. Abokinta Ahui Lizapan ta kasance mai raɗaɗi sosai, ta haura zuwa saman sararin sama kuma ta faɗi ƙasa da ƙarfi.
Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da kololuwar Orizaba da halayensa.