Daya daga cikin manyan masana kimiyyar lissafi da suka shude cikin tarihin duniyar kimiyya shine Paul dirak. Cikakken sunansa Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac kuma an haife shi ne a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 1902. Ya rasu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1984 kuma yana daya daga cikin masana kimiyyar lissafi da suka yi fice wajen kwazonsa a fannin lissafi.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku tarihin rayuwar Paul Dirac da abin da ya yi amfani da shi.
Biography of Paul Dirac
An haife shi a birnin Bristol na kasar Ingila. Mahaifinsa malami ne mallakar gwamnatin Faransa, amma shi dan asalin kasar Switzerland ne. Bulus ya shiga makarantar da mahaifinsa ya koyar kuma an san shi da ƙwarewar ilimin lissafi. Lokacin da ya kammala karatun sakandare, makomarsa ta bayyana a fili. Ya karanta injiniyan lantarki a Jami'ar Bristol kuma tun daga farko ya mayar da hankali musamman kan dagewa kan yin amfani da kimar lissafi a fannin injiniya don magance matsaloli daban-daban. Bayan ya kammala digirinsa na farko, sai aka zana shi zuwa ka'idar dangantakar Einstein kuma ya shiga Jami'ar Cambridge don yin karatun lissafi.
A lokacin aikinsa na jami'a, ya fara haɓaka ka'idar quantum na motsin lantarki, wanda ya girma a cikin 1928, yana ba da shawarar samuwar barbashi masu kama da electrons ta kowane fanni in ban da cajin lantarki: rashin cajin electrons da wannan nau'in caja mai ƙima.
Masana kimiyya kamar Max Born ko Pascual Jordan gudanar da wannan bincike kusan lokaci guda, ko da yake bambancin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin saukin hankali na tunanin da Dirac ya yi amfani da shi. A ƙarshe, an tabbatar da wannan ka'idar a fili a cikin 1932, lokacin da masanin kimiyyar lissafi na Amurka Carl Anderson ya gano wani nau'in barbashi da ake kira positron ta hanyar gwajin barbashi da suka yi karo da hasken sararin samaniya, kuma ya gano alamar barbashi.
Dirac kuma ya sami damar haɗa ka'idar alaƙa cikin bayanin lissafi na injiniyoyin zarra na hydrogen. Ana yin hakan ne ta amfani da ma'aunin Dirac na electron, wanda baya ga bayar da bayani kan layin da ake gani, kuma yana bayyana electron ta hanyar da za ta warware matsalar juyawa. Duk da haka, al'ummar kimiyya suna da wasu shakku game da wannan m hasashe.
Wasu feats na Paul Dirac
A wasu lokuta, ko da yake an san shi sosai a fannin kimiyya, yana da wuya ya sami aiki, lamarin da ya kai shi koyarwa a St. John's College, Cambridge. Wannan makaranta, karkashin jagorancin RH Fowler, ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga aikin farko na Niels Bohr a fannin kimiyyar atomic, wanda ya ba Dirac damar ci gaba da ci gaba a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. A lokacin da kake matsayin malami. ya rubuta "Principles of Quantum Mechanics" (1930).
An kuma yaba wa Dirac saboda gudunmawar da ya bayar ga injiniyoyi na Fermi-Dirac. Wadannan ci gaban kimiyya sun ba shi kyautar Nobel a Physics a 1933, wanda ya raba tare da Erwin Schrödinger. Daga baya, an mai da shi Fellow of the Royal Society.
Tun daga wannan lokaci sunansa ya zama sananne, an nada shi Farfesa a fannin lissafi a Jami'ar Cambridge sannan kuma Farfesa a fannin Physics a Jami'ar Jihar Florida. Hakanan Ya kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ilimi.
Dirac yayi hasashe cewa ana iya siffanta halayen electrons ta ayyukan igiyoyin igiyar ruwa guda huɗu waɗanda ke yin biyayya ga ma'auni guda huɗu a lokaci guda. Daga waɗannan ma'auni ya biyo bayan cewa dole ne electrons su juya a kusa da axis, a takaice, suna cikin yanayi mara kyau, wanda bai dace da gaskiyar zahiri ba. A ƙarshe, Dirac ya yi imanin cewa rashin isassun makamashin lantarki a wannan yanayin yana daidai da ɗan gajeren lokaci mai inganci.
Rayuwar iyali
Dirac ya koma St. John's College, Jami'ar Cambridge don gudanar da bincike a cikin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a karkashin jagorancin Ralph Fowler. Bayan 'yan shekaru, Dirac ya kammala aikin. A halin yanzu, tasirinsa a duniyar kimiyyar lissafi yana da yawa. Yawancin gudummawar da ya bayar ana ɗaukar su masu mahimmanci don haɓaka injiniyoyi masu ƙima. Dangane da atomism, ana iya cewa yana daya daga cikin masana kimiyyar da suka ba da gudummawar mafi girma wajen ci gabanta.
Yanzu, aurensa da Margit Balasz wata dama ce ta samun ci gaba a fannin kimiyya, domin ita 'yar uwar masanin kimiyyar lissafi dan kasar Hungary Eugene Wigner ce, kuma ta ba shi goyon baya sosai ga bincike da ci gabansa. Hakanan, Margit koyaushe yana tallafawa sosai. Dirac ya buga wallafe-wallafe da yawa, irin su Quantum Singularities in Electromagnetic Fields (1931), don gudanar da wannan bincike ya dogara ne akan ma'auni na Maxwell.
Bayan shekaru biyu, ya buga sakamakonsa a kan ka'idar hanya, kuma Richard Feynman ya haɓaka ra'ayoyi da yawa daga wannan aikin. Ya kuma gudanar da bincike mai alaka akan aikin delta.
Paul Dirac ya kammala aikinsa na kimiyya a Cambridge a shekarar 1969 kuma ya yanke shawarar yin ritaya ya huta bayan wasu shekaru saboda yawan shekarunsa ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Florida ta Amurka. Shi da matarsa sun ƙaura zuwa Tallahassee, Florida. A ƙarshe, a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1984, Dirac ya mutu. Bayan mutuwarsa, mutane sun ba da ladabi da girmamawa ga aikinsa na kimiyya. Ko da yake, a lokuta da dama, wasu sassa na al'umma sun sha suka saboda yana da alaka kai tsaye da hadin gwiwa wajen kera bama-bamai.
Karshen kwanakinsa
Wadannan da sauran fitattun gudummawar, irin su ka'idar juzu'i na radiation ko kuma injiniyoyi na Fermi-Dirac, sun ba shi lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin Physics a 1933 da, tare da Erwin Schrödinger, Shugaban Lucas a fannin Lissafi a shekarar da ta gabata. Har zuwa 1968. Daga karshe ya koma Amurka kuma aka nada shi Farfesa Emeritus a Jami'ar Tallahassee a 1971.
A 1933, ya raba lambar yabo ta Nobel a Physics tare da Erwin Schrödinger, da e.n 1939 ya zama memba na Royal Society. Daga 1932 zuwa 1968 ya kasance farfesa a fannin lissafi a Jami'ar Cambridge, daga 1971 har zuwa rasuwarsa Farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Jihar Florida, kuma daga 1934 zuwa 1959 ya kasance memba na Advanced Institute. Paul Dirac ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1984 a Tallahassee, Florida, Amurka.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da Paul Dirac da tarihin rayuwarsa.