A cikin Zamanin Cenozoic muna da Lokacin Paleogene. Rarrabuwa ne na lokacin da yakai shekaru miliyan 66 kuma ya ƙare kimanin shekaru miliyan 23 da suka gabata. A wannan lokacin muna da babban juyin halitta na dabbobi masu shayarwa duk da cewa lallai ne su canza daga jinsunan ƙananan ƙananan matakai. Da Paleogene fauna yiwa alama alama kafin da bayanta, musamman a dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Sabili da haka, zamu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku game da duk halaye da juyin halittar rayuwar dabbobi na Paleogene.
Lokacin Paleogene
Wannan lokacin shine asalin dadadden siffofin rayuwar kwanan nan. Dole ne mu tuna cewa a farkon wannan zamanin akwai wani ƙarewa wanda yayi daidai da dinosaur a ƙarshen lokacin aiki. A cikin ilimin geology na wannan lokacin mun ga cewa faranti na Ostiraliya da Indiya sun motsa a cikin hanyar arewa maso gabas saboda motsin guguwar nahiya. An kiyasta cewa saurin motsi na waɗannan farantin tectonic sun kusan santimita 6 a shekara. A halin yanzu wannan adadin ya yi kasa sosai.
Dole ne kuma muyi la'akari da cewa sauyin yanayi a Paleogene ya sami tasirin sauyin yanayi a matakin duniya. Akwai canje-canje masu saurin yanayi kamar sanyaya gabaɗaya a duk yankunan polar. Saboda raguwar duk yanayin duniya, ya yiwu ya bar duniya baki daya tayi sanyi. Yayinda zamanin Paleogene ke cigaba, yanayin zafi na duniya ya sake karuwa. Kuma shine ƙaruwar yanayin zafi ya taimaka wajen samun yanayin wurare masu zafi a wurare da yawa. Kamar yadda muka sani, yanayin yanayin wurare masu zafi yana tattare da yalwar yanayin zafi, ɗumi mai ɗumi da ruwan sama mai kyau. Duk wannan yana haifar da ci gaban faleogene fauna.
Yawancin kwayoyin halitta sun dace da yanayin kuma sun sami damar yin hakan duk da ƙaddarar da ta faru a zamanin da ta gabata. Ofayan taxa da za'a iya haɓaka shine tsire-tsire masu banƙyama.
Paleogene fauna
Lokacin Paleogene ya kasu kashi uku ne: the Paleocene, da Eocene da kuma Oligocene. A kowane ɗayan waɗannan lokutan muna samun ci gaba daban-daban na kayan faleogene. Bari mu binciki waɗanne dalla-dalla.
Paleocene
A lokacin zamanin Paleocene mun sami adadi mai yawa na dabbobi waɗanda dole ne su rayu ta hanyar halaka ta ƙarshen Marigayi Cretaceous. Godiya ga wannan taron halaka mutane, dabbobi sun sami damar haɓaka halaye daban-daban don dacewa da sababbin mahalli. Wannan bacewar ya ba ta dama ta fadada da fadada zuwa wasu nau'ikan flora da fauna. Musamman sun yi amfani da damar don dinosaur sun riga sun kasance. Kuma wannan dabbobin kenan an ɗauke su mahimmancin mafarauta a duk duniya. Duk dabbobi sun yi gasa don albarkatun ƙasa tare da dinosaur.
Daga cikin fauna na Paleogene wanda yayi fice daga zamanin Paleocene muna da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Rukuni ne na dabbobi waɗanda suka tsira daga halakarwa sosai kuma aka fifita su saboda yanayin yanayin wannan lokacin. Daga cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe da yawa muna samun sansanin shakatawa wanda ke zaune galibi wuraren ruwa. Macizai da kunkuru kuma suna da babban ci gaba.
Game da tsuntsayen, sun fadada saboda karuwar yanayin zafi a yankuna masu zafi. Tsuntsayen firgici sune sanannu a lokacin. Suna da girma amma ba tare da ikon tashi ba. Dabi'un wadannan jinsin sun kasance masu cin naman dabbobi kuma an dauke su masu ban tsoro ga dabbobi masu yawa. Sauran nau'in tsuntsayen da suka sami babban ci gaba a lokacin fauna na Paleogene sun kasance dorinar ruwa, tattabaru, mujiya da agwagwa.
Dabbobin ruwa kuma sun bunkasa sosai game da kifi. Ya haifar da gasa mai girma a cikin filin ruwa kuma sharks ya bazu don zama sabon mamaye mamaye. A fannin dabbobi masu shayarwa, ɗayan dabbobin da suka sami ci gaba sosai a lokacin fauna na Paleogene, zamu sami wurin zama, manyan dabbobi da marsupials. Hakanan zamu sami rukunin rodents, primates, lemurs, da sauransu.
Eocene
A zamanin Miocene, rayuwar Faleogene ta bunkasa musamman a rukunin dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye. Invertebrates sun sami ci gaba da haɓaka abubuwa kaɗan a cikin yanayin ruwan teku. Kuri'a na mollusks, gastropods, bivalves, cnidarians echinoderms na iya bunkasa yayin lokaci. Ofungiyar tururuwa wataƙila rukunin dabbobi ne da suka fi ci gaba har zuwa invertebrates.
Tsuntsaye nau'ikan halittu ne wadanda suka bunkasa saboda albarkatun muhalli masu kyau. Mafi yawan su sune sanannun jinsunan kamar Phorusrhacidae, Gastornis da penguins. A fannin dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu shayarwa wadanda suka bunkasa da kyau, mun gano dabbobin da zasu iya tsayi zuwa mita 10 a tsayi. Daga cikin waɗannan dabbobin muna da ungulaye, cetaceans da Ambulocytids. Kowace dabba tana da halaye na musamman waɗanda zasu taimaka musu su dace da yanayin da ake ciki a lokacin.
Oligocene
Sashin ƙarshe na faleogene fauna yana nufin falon Oligocene. Yana da halin kasancewa da rukunin dabbobi da yawa waɗanda suka haɓaka kuma suka bunƙasa duk da yanayin yanayi da aka same su. Anan halittar dabbobi masu shayarwa tayi fice. Yawancin jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun bayyana, daga cikinsu muna da beraye, kayan abinci, dabbobi da dabbobi.
Beraye suna da babban sifar halayyar samun kaifin ƙwaƙwalwa tare da amfani da yawa. An yi amfani da shi yafi na cizon masu cin nama ko cizon kan itace. Primates rukuni ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa kuma suna da alaƙa da yatsun kafa biyar a ƙafafunsu. Daga cikin fa'idar juyin halittar wadannan dabbobi a kan sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa ita ce cewa suna da manyan yatsun hannu. Bugu da kari, suna da takun tsire-tsire wadanda ke ba da damar dukkan tafin kafar a tallafa don motsawa sosai.
Canids na cikin ƙungiyar kerkeci da karnuka. Babban halayen su shine na samun matsakaiciyar jiki kuma suna tafiya akan yatsun yatsun. Suna da abinci mai cin nama kuma galibi ana samun su a cikin mahaɗin mai farauta a sarkar abinci.
A ƙarshe, cetaceans ƙungiya ce ta dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda suka ɗan sami ci gaba sosai a lokacin fauna Paleogene. Su ne dabbobin da suka fi dacewa da rayuwar ruwa duk da cewa suna ci gaba da samun numfashi na huhu.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da fauna na Paleogene.