El Miocene Ya kasance ɗayan zamuna biyu ne suka haifar da Lokacin Neogene a tsakanin Zamanin Cenozoic. Lokaci ne lokacin da canje-canje masu yawa suka faru a yanayin canjin yanayin ƙasa, ilimin ɗabi'a da kuma tsarin halittu. Yanayin yana da sauye-sauye daban-daban a yanayin zafi kuma wannan ya haifar da nasarar ci gaban wasu nau'ikan dabbobi da tsirrai waɗanda zasu iya yaɗuwa da yaɗuwa a cikin yankuna masu faɗi. Da Miocene fauna yana da halin samun dabbobin da suke rayuwa tare a cikin tsarin halittu iri daya da wasu wadanda zasu iya bunkasa gaba daya.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da duk halaye, juyin halitta da jinsunan dabbobi na Miocene.
Babban fasali
A duk tsawon wannan lokacin akwai wasu canje-canje a yanayin duniya. A farkon Miocene mun sami yanayin ƙarancin yanayi wanda ya tashi a hankali tare da ƙarancin lokaci. Kimanin rabin lokacin kakar, an sami yanayin dumi mafi kyau don yawancin lambun shuke-shuke da dabbobin don ci gaba cikin nasara.
Batun dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe da amphibians sune waɗanda zasu iya haɓaka mafi yawa a wannan lokacin. Sanannen sananne ne ga muhimmin tarihin burbushin halittu cewa akwai wasu samfuran da suka mamaye duniyar tamu a lokacin.
Miocene ya kasance zamanin da ya ɗauki kusan kimanin shekaru miliyan 8 da suka gabata kuma ya fara kimanin shekaru miliyan 23 da suka gabata. Aikin wannan abu yana da matukar wahala, yana haifar da tsaunuka daban-daban. A wasu keɓaɓɓun wurare a duniyar wannan haɓakar ma'adinan yana da sakamako mai mahimmanci. Ofayansu shine rikicin gishiri na Almasihu.
Godiya ga waɗannan canje-canjen maganganun da yanayin ɗumi mafi kyau a duk faɗin duniya babban bangare na dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe da kuma amphibians za'a iya samun wadatar su. Akwai bayanan kasusuwan tarihi wadanda lambobi masu yawa da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa suka wanzu a wannan lokacin. Duk burbushin suna da girma daban-daban kuma abubuwan da aka zaɓa. An san cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa rukuni ne na dabbobin da suka sami babban ci gaba da yalwata.
Flora
Kafin ci gaba da nazarin fauna na Miocene, dole ne muyi la'akari da fure. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancin ɓangarorin dabbobin da ke cikin Miocene sun kasance masu ciyawar ciyawa. Yawancin waɗannan dabbobi da tsire-tsire suna kiyaye su a yau, suna kasancewa muhimmin ɓangare na babban bambancin yanayin halittu.
A lokacin Miocene an kiyaye shi raguwa mai yawa a cikin gandun daji da dazuzzuka. Wannan saboda lalacewar yanayin zafin da ya fara faruwa a farkon lokacin. Ofaya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ya sa aka rage sararin shuka shi ne saboda raguwar ruwan sama a duniya. A sakamakon haka, yawancin nau'ikan tsire-tsire sun dace da waɗannan ƙananan yanayin ruwan sama.
Saboda wannan, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da waɗanda suke kanana kaɗan sune waɗanda suka fara mamaye duniyar tamu. Waɗannan sune tsire-tsire masu ƙarfin gaske don tsayayya da dogon lokaci na fari da sanyi. A wannan lokacin angiosperms sun bunkasa. Su waɗancan tsire-tsire ne tare da irin da aka rufe.
Herbaceous sune tsire-tsire waɗanda tushersu ba na katako bane. Suna da tushe mai sauƙi da koren launi da ganye kore. An same su cikin rukuni-rukuni kuma suna da tsayayya ga fari da ƙananan yanayin zafi. A gefe guda, mun sami babba. Chaparral wani nau'in halitta ne wanda wani nau'in tsire-tsire da ake kira chaparros ke haɓaka. Waɗannan gajerun bishiyoyin ƙananan bishiyoyi ne na katako waɗanda ke da ikon rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayin mahalli. Hakanan Cacti da dazuzzuka sun haɓaka cikin babban rabo.
Miocene fauna
A wannan lokacin babu gardama game da cewa rukunin dabbobin Miocene fauna wadanda suka bunkasa sune dabbobi masu shayarwa. Sunyi nasarar canza kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar kungiyar beraye, zuwa manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar wasu na ruwa. Ofungiyar tsuntsayen sun kuma sami babban faɗaɗawa a kewayon da yalwa. Duk wannan sanannun sanannen sanannun burbushin samfuran da aka samo a duk duniya.
Dabbobin dabbobin ƙasa waɗanda suka yawaita yayin fawan Miocene sune waɗannan masu zuwa:
- Gomphotherium (dadaddun): babbar dabba ce wacce take da mazauninta a cikin yankuna na Eurasia. Ya kai mita 3 a girma kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan halayen shi shine suna da nau'i biyu na dogayen dogaye da ƙyama.
- Amphicyon: wani nau'in ne wanda ya bace yau. Bayyanar sa ta dabbobi ce tsakanin kare da beyar. Tare da daidaitaccen jiki, yana da gabobi 4 masu kauri da doguwar jela. Zasu iya kai mita a tsayi da tsawon mita biyu kuma suyi nauyi fiye da kilo 200.
- merychippus: yau wannan dabba ta kare. Wata karamar dabba ce kuma tana da halin samun yatsu 3 a kowane gabar. Kwararren kwararren dan motsa a tsakanin filayen ya hadu cikin garken shanu don kiwo. A cikin kamannin ta yayi kama da dawakan da zebra ta yau.
- Astrapotherium: wata dabba ce data bace yau. Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa, wanda yakai nauyin tan daya kuma yakai mita 3 tsayi. Daga cikin manyan halayensa akwai haƙoranta waɗanda suke nuna cewa yana da ciyawa. Za su iya motsawa ta cikin keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa da busasshiyar ƙasa saboda manyan gaɓoɓi.
- Megapedete: wani nau'in wanda yake na tsarin beraye. Girmanta karami ne sosai duk da cewa ya kai kilo 3. Jiki yayi kama da na kurege kuma yana da karfi sosai kuma yana da gaɓoɓin baya. A gefe guda, gabban gabanta sun kasance gajeru.
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, dabbobi masu shayarwa a ruwa suma sun dan bambanta a wannan lokacin. A cikin rukunin tsuntsayen akwai manyan samfura da wasu waɗanda suka inganta yanayin rayuwarsu ɗan kaɗan. Game da dabbobi masu rarrafe da amphibians, waɗancan dabbobin masu cin nama sun fi yawa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da fauna na Miocene.