da Metamorphic duwatsu Su rukuni ne na duwatsu waɗanda aka samo su ta hanyar kasancewar wasu abubuwa a cikin duniya, duk ta hanyar tsari da ake kira metamorphism. Sauyinsa ya kasance sakamakon jerin gyare-gyare na ma'adinai da tsarin da suka canza ainihin dutsen zuwa dutsen metamorphic. Saboda asalinsu, ana iya samun rarrabuwa tsakanin duwatsu masu banƙyama da ƙazafi, daga inda aka haife su. Nazarin waɗannan duwatsun yana ba da bayanai masu mahimmanci game da duk hanyoyin tafiyar da yanayin ƙasa da ke faruwa a duniya da kuma yadda za su iya canzawa cikin lokaci.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku game da halaye, samuwar da kuma tushen metamorphic duwatsu.
Babban fasali
Ana canza duwatsun metamorphic ta yanayin zafi, matsa lamba, da matakan sinadarai. Yawancin lokaci an binne shi da kyau a ƙasa da ƙasa. Fitarwa ga waɗannan matsananciyar yanayi ya canza ma'adinan dutsen, nau'in, da sinadarai. Akwai nau'o'in asali guda biyu na dutsen metamorphic: Dutsen Metamorphic
- foliate irin su gneiss, phyllite, shale, da slate, waɗanda ke haɓaka siffa mai launi ko banded saboda dumama da matsa lamba; Y
- ba foliated irin su marmara marasa ganye da quartzites ba tare da bayyanar yadudduka ko makada ba.
Metamorphic dutse mai yiwuwa su ne mafi ƙanƙanta da aka sani kuma sau da yawa suna rikicewa ko alaƙa da wasu ta hanyar waɗanda ba ƙwararrun ilimin ƙasa da ilimin halittu ba. Duk da haka, Wadannan duwatsu ba kawai suna da yawa sosai a cikin ɓawon ƙasa ba. su ma samfuran zaɓi ne don abubuwa masu yawa na yanayin ƙasa da tectonic, kamar samuwar tsaunuka.
Nazarin dutsen metamorphic yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci don fahimtar juyin halittar ƙasa. Har ila yau, wannan ya kamata ya zama babban sha'awa ga masu tara ma'adinai. duwatsun metamorphic suna wakiltar yanayin yanayin ƙasa inda ake samun nau'ikan ma'adinai da yawa da ake nema, kamar garnet da beryl. Saitin dukkan abubuwan mamaki da ke sa duwatsu su rikide zuwa sabbin duwatsu ana kiransa metamorphism, kalmar da aka samo daga kalmar Helenanci ma'ana. .
metamorphism a cikin metamorphic duwatsu
Duwatsun metamorphic suna samuwa ne ta hanyar sake sake sake fasalin jihar na dutsen da aka rigaya, ko dai akan ma'auni babba ko na gida, sakamakon matsanancin matsin lamba da / ko yanayin zafi da ke faruwa a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi kuma sakamakon takamaiman hanyoyin tafiyar da yanayin ƙasa.
Wannan yana nufin cewa lokacin da kowane nau'i na dutse (ko mai banƙyama, mai laushi, ko metamorphic) ya ƙarfafa, yana cikin yanayi daban-daban na physicochemical fiye da ainihin dutsen. ya kasance cikin ma'auni, ƙirƙirar sabon nau'in dutsen… Wannan zai bambanta da asali a cikin tsari, nau'i, ma'adinai, da kuma wani lokacin sinadaran sinadaran (lokacin da aikin leach mai arzikin ma'adinai shima yana tsoma baki tare da metamorphism).
yankin metamorphism
Halin yanayin yanki yana faruwa lokacin da aka kawo duwatsu zuwa zurfin zurfi dangane da inda suka samo asali. Matsakaicin metamorphism na yanki gaba ɗaya ya dogara ne akan zurfin, tunda zafin jiki da matsa lamba yana ƙaruwa da zurfi. Duwatsu tare da abun da ke cikin farko iri ɗaya da ƙara bayyana canje-canje suna samar da silsilar metamorphic wanda a cikinsa muke samun misalin yumbu waɗanda ke samar da wasu duwatsu. Misali, dutsen metamorphic ƙananan yanki shine slate, wanda ke samar da jiragen sama masu kama da juna bayan metamorphism. Sauran misalan su ne quartzites da dutsen magmatic.
tuntuɓar metamorphism
Wannan nau'in metamorphism yana faruwa ne lokacin da magma ya mamaye duwatsu da ke tasowa daga yankuna masu zurfi zuwa saman. Shi ya sa ake ce masa “lamba”.
Wannan tsari yawanci ya ƙunshi recrystallization na data kasance ma'adanai, wanda suna samun sabon tsari da girma. Wannan shi ne saboda yawan ruwan da ma'adinan ke samu yayin da zafin jiki ya karu. Marmara misali ne na irin wannan dutse.
fission metamorphism
Nau'i na uku na metamorphism yana faruwa a cikin duwatsun saman da ke danne lokacin da motsin ɓawon ƙasa ya tura su zuwa juna. Matsayin metamorphism ya dogara da ƙarfin matsa lamba.
Wani lokaci ana samun sababbin ma'adanai masu girma, a cikin waɗannan misalan za mu iya samun mylonite.
Abubuwan amfani da duwatsun metamorphic
Tsarin metamorphism yana haifar da canje-canje da yawa a cikin waɗannan duwatsu, daga cikinsu akwai haɓakar girma, haɓakar lu'ulu'u, sake daidaita ƙwayar ma'adinai da kuma canza ma'adinan ƙananan zafin jiki zuwa ma'adanai masu zafi. Wadannan ma'auni su ne wadanda za a iya karkasa duwatsu, amma za mu yi bayanin kowace irin siffa ta wadannan duwatsu, gaba daya za mu yi magana ne kan duwatsun da suka fi yawa, tun da akwai nau'ikan duwatsu a cikin wannan rukuni, za mu fara da haka:
- Slate da phyllite: Wannan dutsen yana da kyau sosai zuwa laushi mai laushi. An fi haɗa shi da silicates masu launi da ma'adini; feldspar kuma yana yawan halarta. Saboda yanayin fuskantar phyllosilicates, duwatsun suna foliated kuma suna da haɗari ga fission. Duwatsu ne da ba a amfani da su a yau, amma an yi amfani da su don hana rufin ruwa.
- Shale: Wannan dutsen yana da matsakaiciya don m zane mai zane tare da bikin da aka yi da hatsi a wannan yanayin ana iya bambanta shi da ido tsirara. Yin amfani da irin wannan nau'in duwatsu yana cikin ginin, tun da yake suna da karfi da kuma dorewa. Tushensa na iya zama yumbu da laka, gami da matakan tsaka-tsaki.
- Gneiss: Asalinsa iri ɗaya ne da ma'adinan granite (quartz, feldspar, mica), amma yana da yanayin yankin, da haske da sautunan duhu waɗanda ma'adinan ke haifarwa suma samfuran metamorphism ne na ƙanƙara da duwatsu. Hakanan ana amfani da shi a cikin gine-gine, musamman a cikin samuwar lalacewar pixelated, dutsen dutse, da sauransu.
- Marmara: Rubutun wannan dutsen ya fito ne daga lallausan kauri zuwa kauri, asalinsa daga farar dutse zuwa crystallization, wannan dutsen yana iya samo asali ne daga matakai kamar metamorphism, magma, hydrothermal, sedimentation, da dai sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, calcium carbonate yana ba da launuka daban-daban zuwa marmara kuma yana bayyana kaddarorinsa na zahiri. Amfaninsa ya bambanta daga kayan ado zuwa wanda aka yi amfani da shi a fannin fasaha da kayan tarihi.
- Quartzite: Kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, wannan dutsen ya ƙunshi ma'adanai na quartz da yawa kuma yana da tsarin da ba na ganye ba, wanda aka samu a matsayin tsarin shale saboda sake sakewa a yanayin zafi da matsa lamba. Amfani da shi yana cikin matakan ƙarfe da kuma yin bulo na silica, sauran amfani da duwatsun ado ne a cikin gine-gine da sassaka.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da duwatsu masu ƙayatarwa da halayensu.