Menene na'urar hangen nesa ta Hubble ta gano?

me aka gano na'urar hangen nesa ta sararin samaniya

Na'urar hangen nesa ta Hubble na'ura ce da ke iya samun hotuna masu inganci ba tare da la'akari da gazawar kasancewa a gefen gefen matakin karshe na yanayin duniyarmu ba. Tun halittarsa, akwai mutane da yawa da suke so su sani me aka gano na'urar hangen nesa mai lamba ya zama sananne sosai.

Don haka, a cikin wannan makala za mu keɓe taƙaitaccen abin da na'urar hangen nesa ta Hubble ta gano da kuma mene ne manyan halayensa.

Features na Telescope Hubble

Menene na'urar hangen nesa ta hubble ya gano?

Na'urar hangen nesa tana a gefen waje na yanayi. Wurin da yake kewayawa yana da nisan kilomita 593 sama da matakin teku. Yana ɗaukar kusan mintuna 97 don kewaya Duniya. An fara sanya shi cikin kewayawa a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 1990 don samun ingantattun hotuna a mafi girman ƙuduri.

Daga cikin girmansa muna samun shi da nauyin nauyin kilogiram 11.000, siffar silindarical, diamita 4,2 m da tsayi 13,2 m. Kamar yadda kuke gani, babban na'urar hangen nesa ce kyakkyawa, amma yana iya shawagi a sararin samaniya ba tare da nauyi ba.

Tauraron sararin samaniya na Hubble yana iya nuna hasken da ya isa gare shi saboda godiyar madubinsa guda biyu. Mudubin kuma yana da girma. Daya daga cikinsu shine mita 2,4 a diamita. Yana da kyau don binciken sararin sama saboda yana ƙunshe da haɗe-haɗen kyamarori uku da na'urori masu adon gani da yawa. An raba kyamarori zuwa ayyuka da yawa. Na daya shi ne daukar hotuna na kananan wurare a cikin sararin da aka gina shi saboda haskensu a nesa. Don haka suna ƙoƙarin gano sabbin maki a sararin samaniya kuma mafi kyawun gina taswirori.

Ana amfani da wata kamara don daukar hoto da kuma samun ƙarin bayani game da su. Ana amfani da na ƙarshe don gano radiation da ɗaukar hotuna ko da a cikin duhu saboda yana aiki ta hanyar infrared. Godiya ga kuzarin sabuntawa, na'urar hangen nesa na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo.

Menene na'urar hangen nesa ta Hubble ta gano?

bakin rami

Zamanin duniya

Masana ilmin taurari suna amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu don ƙididdige shekarun sararin samaniya: kallon tsoffin taurari da auna faɗaɗa sararin samaniya. A yau an kiyasta cewa sararin samaniya ya wanzu kusan shekaru biliyan 13.700, kuma na'urar hangen nesa ta Hubble shine mabuɗin gano shi. Godiya ga jerin hotuna da na'urar hangen nesa ya ɗauka tun 1995, wanda ake kira "filin zurfi", masana ilmin taurari sun iya " waiwaya baya ", kamar yadda Díaz ya ce, kuma sun fahimci yadda taurari suka kasance a lokacin da suka samo asali, kamar dai sun kasance. duniyar burbushin halittu.

Ɗaya daga cikin hotunan, wanda aka yiwa lakabi da Hubble's "Ultra Deep Field," an ɗauki shi a cikin 2012 kuma ya bayyana mafi nisa kuma mafi tsufa na taurari da aka gani. Saboda tazararsu da kuma lokacin da haskensu ya kai gare mu, masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa Hotunan sun nuna taurarin taurari a sararin samaniya da suka yi kusan shekaru miliyan 800 kawai.

Ƙarfin duhu mai ban mamaki da fadada sararin samaniya

Duniyarmu tana ci gaba da faɗaɗawa, al'amarin da aka sani da "Hubble constant." Na dogon lokaci, Masana kimiyyar sararin samaniya sun yi muhawara kan ko wannan fadada zai ragu ko kuma zai tsaya a wani lokaci a sararin samaniya.

Koyaya, Hotunan Hubble sun nuna cewa akasin haka yana faruwa. Ta wajen kallon taurari masu fashe masu nisa da suma, da ake kira supernovae, biliyoyin haske da ke nesa da su, na’urorin hangen nesa sun nuna cewa sararin samaniya yana faɗaɗawa marar iyaka kuma a wani lokaci da yake ƙaruwa.

Kamar kallon hasken kyandir, da duhun da aka ga harshen wuta, da nisa da kyandir da aka gane. Dalilin wannan ci gaba da fadada shi ne kasancewar abin da ake kira duhu makamashi, wani karfi mai ban mamaki wanda muka sani kadan kadan, amma wanda tasirin antigravity ya bayyana.

Duhu al'amari

taurari

Bakin duhu wani babban sirri ne na kimiyya. Sabanin abin da muke iya gani da tabawa, duhun al'amarin shine tsari wanda yake shimfidawa kamar masana'anta marar ganuwa tsakanin abubuwa a sararin samaniya.

Ko da yake ba a ganuwa, masana ilmin taurari suna iya lura da tasirin duhu ta hanyar duban yadda hasken da ke wucewa ta cikin taurari masu nisa ke karkata. Ana kiran wannan al'amari "lensing gravitational".. Lensing na gravitational yana nuna yadda haske yake lankwasa lokacin da ya yi karo da manya-manyan abubuwa kamar taurarin taurari, amma duhu kuma yana haifar da haske don "lankwashe."

Ƙarfin hangen nesa na Hubble ya sami damar gano waɗannan ruwan tabarau na gravitational kewaye da gungu na galaxy. Saboda wannan karkatacciyar hasken da Hubble ke nunawa, masana ilmin taurari za su iya yin lissafi kuma su yi la'akari da wuri da nau'in abin da ake gani da wanda ba a iya gani wanda ya zama yankin da aka gani.

Ramin rami

Tare da taimakon Hubble ana iya tabbatar da cewa kusan dukkan taurarin taurari suna da baƙar fata a tsakiyarsu. Na'urar hangen nesa ta iya nuna hotunan farko na iskar gas da ke kewaye da rami mai baƙar fata, kuma, daga nan, ya yi la'akari da yawansa kuma ya fahimci yadda aka halicce shi.

Makonni kadan da suka gabata, an kuma sami nasarar gano wani rami mai matsakaicin girma, nau'in mai wuyar samunsa. Hubble ya iya kama gabansa saboda ya kama ainihin lokacin da aka hadiye tauraro da ke kusa da shi, wani lamari da masana ilmin taurari idan aka kwatanta da "kisan duniya."

Matsakaici-mass black ramuka shine hanyar da ta ɓace a cikin juyin halitta wanda masu bincike suka daɗe suna nema.

Ginshikan Halitta

Wataƙila mafi shaharar hoton da Hubble ya taɓa ɗauka, an fara ɗaukar "Pillars of Creation" a cikin 1995. Ba za a iya cimma matakin dalla-dalla a cikin waɗannan nau'ikan hotuna tare da na'urorin hangen nesa na tushen ƙasa ba.

Wannan hoton yana nuna wani yanki na Eagle Nebula, wani yanki mai girman tauraro mai tsawon shekaru 6.500 daga duniya. “Pillars of Creation” suna nuna abubuwa masu yawa waɗanda radiation ba ta lalata su ba, wanda ke ba mu damar ganin duk iskar gas da ƙurar da suka bari suna shawagi a sararin samaniya bayan haifuwar halittun sararin samaniya, kamar taurari.

Launukan da ke cikin hoton suna nuna fitar da sinadarai iri-iri. Oxygen shudi ne, sulfur orange ne, hydrogen da nitrogen kuma kore ne.

fuska mai ban tsoro

A cikin 2019, Hubble ya ɗauki hoto mai ban mamaki na abin da ke kama da baƙon fuska… har NASA ta fitar da shi azaman wink na Halloween. Duk da haka, babu wani abu na allahntaka game da wannan hoton. Abin da yake nunawa shi ne karo na gaba-gaba tsakanin taurari biyu. Ido, hanci da bakin 'baƙi' sun kasance daga fayafai na kura da iskar gas da aka yi ta hanyar yin karo da taurari.

Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da abin da na'urar hangen nesa Hubble ya gano.


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