El Tafkin Titicaca tana da ruwa mai yawa wanda ya mamaye yankin Peru da Bolivia, kuma ana lissafinsa a matsayin tafki mafi girma a duniya, yana da ruwa mai kewayawa, wanda ya dace da kamun kifi, kuma yana da wasu tsibirai masu iyo da aka gina a samansa, a can. al'umma ce cikakke. An kuma san shi da Tekun Andes.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da tafkin Titicaca, asalinsa da halayensa.
Babban fasali
Tafkin Titicaca yana daya daga cikin tafkuna mafi ban sha'awa a duniya kuma yana kan tsayin mita 3.812. Saboda kebantaccen wurin da yake da shi, yana da fifikon da kasashen Amurka ta tsakiya biyu suka raba, wanda ta ke da shi. 56% na ƙasar Peruvian da 44% na ƙasar Bolivia.
Amma halayensa ba su ƙare a nan ba, domin idan muka kwatanta tsawo na kilomita 8.560 da sauran tafkuna na yankin Latin Amurka, tafkin Titicaca shine tafki na biyu mafi girma a wannan yanki mai girma. Girman girmansa ya kai kilomita 204 daga gefe zuwa gefe, kuma wani yanki mai fadin kilomita 1.125 na gabar teku ya yi iyaka da samansa, wanda kuma ya sa ya zama tafki mafi girma da kuma mafi yawan zirga-zirga a duniya.
Bugu da ƙari, wannan kyakkyawan tafkin yana da tsibirin fiye da 42 a ciki, wanda ya fi shahara shi ne Isla del Sol, wanda ya fi dacewa fiye da sauran saboda daular Inca ta samo asali ne a can, don haka ya nuna jerin abubuwan tarihi cewa suna cikin wannan. tsohuwar shaidar wayewa. A halin yanzu, Yawan jama'arta galibi 'yan asalin kasar ne, kuma ko da yake suna da wasu tasirin al'adun zamani, suna riƙe mafi yawan al'adunsu na zuriyar Inca.
Asalin Lake Titicaca
Magma na Duniya ne ke haifar da ƙarfin Tectonic, kuma wannan makamashin geothermal yana jujjuya shi zuwa makamashin injina wanda ke haifar da motsi na faranti na ƙarƙashin ƙasa waɗanda suka haɗa nahiyoyinmu. Asalin tafkin Titicaca ya samo asali ne daga wadannan runduna ta tectonic da ke haifar da tsaunukan gabashi da yammacin Andes na Amurka ta tsakiya. Ƙarfin wannan motsi yana haifar da samuwar plateaus, wanda ke da lebur babban taimako. An san wannan fili da sunan Meseta de Collao.
Plateau Collao, wanda ke da nisan sama da mita 3.000, kiyaye ruwan ya daskare a lokacin Ice Age, don haka tsarin ajiya bai faru ba. Wannan ya ba shi damar riƙe siffarsa da zurfinsa, don haka lokacin da lokacin tsaka-tsakin ya faru, kankara ya narke kuma ya zama tafkin Titicaca, wanda yanzu ake kira Lake Titicaca.
Wuraren bushes da busassun yanayi na raƙuman ruwa na cikin gida na Peru da Bolivia suma suna shafar ƙarancin magudanar ruwa da jinkirin su, yana ba da gudummawar dagewar wannan babban ruwa.
Binciken da aka yi kan tsarin tafkin tudu ya nuna cewa tafkin Titicaca sakamakon juyin halittar wani tsohon tsarin ne wanda ya fara a zamanin Pleistocene na Farko, shekaru 25,58 zuwa 781,000 da suka wuce, kuma ya koma karshen Pliocene. .
Sauye-sauyen yanayi da suka faru a cikin wadannan lokuttan, kama daga yanayin zafi da sanyi zuwa yanayin sanyi, kai tsaye ya shafi wanzuwa da girman tafkin Titicaca da sauran tafkunan tudu. Hakazalika, tsaunin Cordillera yana karyewa daga dakarun tectonic na arewa-kudu. A ƙarshe, a cikin ƙananan Pleistocene shekaru miliyan 2,9 da suka wuce, Bayan asalin tafkin Cabana da kuma kafin wanzuwar tafkin Baliwan, an kafa wani rami mai tectonic wanda babban tafkin Titicaca zai mamaye.
Yanayi na Lake Titicaca
Yanayin tafkin Titicaca ya dogara ne da tsayin daka, kasancewar tafkin sama da mita 3.000 sama da matakin teku, tare da babban bambancin yanayin zafi tsakanin dare da rana. Zazzabi na iya kaiwa zuwa 25 ° C a rana da 0 ° C da dare.
Matsakaicin zazzabi na shekara-shekara na tafkin an ƙaddara ya zama 13 ° C. A nata bangaren, zafin saman ruwan yana bambanta tsakanin ma'aunin celcius 11 zuwa 25 a watan Agusta da kuma tsakanin ma'aunin ma'aunin celcius 14 zuwa 35 a cikin Maris.
Yana iya zama ɗan ban mamaki cewa kasancewa a wannan tsayin zafin rana yana da zafi sosai, kuma wannan saboda tafkin Titicaca yana iya daidaita yanayin zafi saboda yana ɗaukar makamashin hasken rana a lokacin rana, wanda yake a yankin tafkin. Da daddare wannan makamashi yana haskakawa, don haka yanayin zafi bai yi sanyi kamar yadda muke tsammani ba.
Ilimin kimiyyar ruwa
Yawancin ruwan da ke tafkin Titicaca yana rasa ta hanyar ƙaura, al'amarin da ya fi tsanani a wasu wuraren da aka kafa gishiri, saboda ma'adinan da ke cikin tafkin suna shiga ta cikin koguna kuma ana ajiye su.
An yi kiyasin cewa kashi 5% na ruwan tafkin ne kadai ke fitarwa a cikin kogin Desaguadero a lokacin babban lokacin ruwa, wanda ke gudana zuwa tafkin Poopó, wanda ya fi gishiri fiye da tafkin Titicaca. Ruwan da ke fitowa daga tafkin Titicaca a zahiri yana ƙarewa a cikin Salar de Coipasa, inda ƙaramin adadin ruwa ke ƙafe da sauri.
Wani abin da ke tattare da yanayin ruwa shi ne, kogunan da ke tattare da ruwa na ruwa suna da gajeru sosai, inda aka gano kogunan Ramis, Asangaro da Calabaya a matsayin babba kuma mafi tsayi, wanda Ramis ya kasance mafi tsayi a tsawon kilomita 283.
Gudun magudanar ruwa ba ya kan ka’ida kuma ana kayyade gudunmawar da suke bayarwa ne ta hanyar damina mai zuwa, wanda ke tsakanin watannin Disamba zuwa Maris, yayin da fari ko rashin damina ke kasancewa tsakanin watannin Yuni da Nuwamba.
Tafkunan Titicaca suna da alaƙa da ɗan gangara kaɗan, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa halayensu ke daɗaɗawa, wato, sinuous, wanda ke nufin cewa babu tashin hankali, wannan yana rinjayar gaskiya, nau'in fauna da flora masu alaƙa da tsarin. .
Ruwan tafkin Titicaca yana da halin kasancewar ruwa maras nauyi kuma babu hanyoyin da za a tantance, sarrafawa da kuma kula da ingancin ruwan. A haƙiƙa, samfurin da aka yi na musamman, wato. da yawa daga saman tabkin ba a yi nazari a kan haka ba. Sai dai kuma ruwan da ke cikin gabar tekun Puno a halin yanzu an san yana gurɓatacce yayin da ruwan dattin birnin ya shiga cikinsa ba tare da wani magani ba.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da tafkin Titicaca da halayensa.