El Kogin Seine, ko Seine a cikin Faransanci, shine kogin mafi mahimmanci a Faransa, duka don hanyoyinsa, kasuwanci da kuma dukiyar yawon bude ido, a matsayin alamar da ba za a iya raba su ba na shaharar da ke tare da rayuwar Parisi masu yawa. Yana da tsawon kilomita 774,76 kuma ya fantsama cikin rafin Paris, musamman Troyes, Paris, Rouen da Le Havre. Ya tashi a Source-Seine, mita 446 sama da matakin teku, a kan tudun Langres a cikin Cote-d'Or. Gabaɗaya alkiblar tafarkinta shine daga kudu maso gabas zuwa arewa maso yamma. Seine ya mamaye tashar Turanci tsakanin Le Havre da Honfleur. Ruwan ruwa na ruwa ya kai murabba'in kilomita 79.000 kuma ya kai kusan kashi 30% na al'ummar kasar.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da kogin Seine da halayensa.
Haihuwa da wuri
Tekun Seine wani yanki ne na Turai a kan gangaren Tekun Atlantika, dake arewacin Faransa. Yana farawa da kimanin mita 470 sama da matakin teku, yana kan tudun Langres, kusa da Dijon, Cote d'Or, kuma yana tafiya arewa maso yamma ta garuruwan Troyes, Fontainebleau, Paris da Rouen (Rouen) har sai da ya kai bakinsa a cikin fadi. Estuary tsakanin Havre da Honfleur, arewa maso yamma, Seine Bay, tashar Turanci.
Kogin Seine shi ne kogin na biyu mafi tsayi a kasar, bayan Rhône (ko da yake wani yanki nasa yana bi ta yankin Switzerland), wanda tsawonsa ya kai kilomita 776. Basinsa yana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 78.650 kuma galibi yana cikin Bassin parissien ko Parisian Basin, wanda shine ainihin kwandon ruwa a cikin nau'in kwandon da aka buɗe zuwa tashar Ingilishi daga mahangar yanayin ƙasa.
Basin ya haɗa da tsarin yanayin ƙasa waɗanda ke haɗuwa a tsakiya tare da tudu masu tudu, tare da mahimman hanyoyin ruwa mai ruwa da ke shiga tsakanin su. Yanayin yanayinsa gabaɗaya baya wuce mita 300, sai dai a kudu maso gabashin gabar tekun Morvan Heights, inda ya kai tsayin mita 900.
Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, kogin Seine ya haura kimanin mita 470 sama da matakin teku. Jirgin na Seine yana tafiya ne daga Bar-sur-Seine, fiye da kilomita 563 daga bakinsa, don kananan jiragen ruwa da sauran jiragen ruwa masu karfin daukar kaya, zuwa Rouen, kimanin kilomita 121 daga bakinsa.
Tsarin ruwa na kogin Seine
Ruwan Basin na Paris yana da yanayi na teku, tare da iska mai mamaye yamma da ke kawo danshi akai-akai. Yankunan bakin teku suna karɓar tsakanin 800mm da 1100mm na hazo. Saboda rashin yanayin yanayi, hawan ya ragu zuwa 550mm a yankin tsakiya, Bosch shine mafi ƙasƙanci, gefen gabas ya tashi, kuma Mofan ya tashi a 1300mm.
Seine da manyan magudanan ruwa guda uku, Aubert, da Marne da Oise, suna gudana ta yankuna masu kamanceceniya da halaye (yanayin teku, yanayin yanayin ƙasa da ƙasa iri ɗaya). Suna raba tsarin tsarin ruwa iri ɗaya, tare da mafi girma a cikin Janairu kuma mafi ƙanƙanci a cikin Agusta.
Basin na Paris ya haɗa da magudanan ruwa guda tara waɗanda ke tsaka-tsaki tsakanin matakan ƙasa daban-daban. Ana haɗa hanyar sadarwa ta ruwa kai tsaye zuwa ruwa mai zurfi a wurare daban-daban. Dangane da tsayin ruwan. ciyar da Seine ko kuma ana ciyar da shi. A ƙarshe, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan mita 10 a cikin kwarin ya zama na goma mafi yawan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.
Ko da yake ana rarraba ruwan sama sosai a duk shekara, Seine da magudanan ruwa na iya fuskantar matsanancin raƙuman ruwa a ƙarshen lokacin rani ko, akasin haka, ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani a cikin hunturu. Ambaliyar ruwa iri biyu ce: ambaliya a saman kwalbar bayan ruwan sama mai yawa da kuma raguwar ambaliya a cikin ƙananan kwaruruka bayan damina mai tsawo.
Kogin Seine
Basin, ciki har da wani yanki na Belgium, yana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 78 (mil murabba'in 30), wanda kashi 470% na gandun daji ne kuma kashi 2% na ƙasar noma ne. Ban da birnin Paris, akwai wasu birane uku a cikin tekun Seine da ke da yawan jama'a fiye da 78. Su ne Le Havre a bakin kogin, Rouen a cikin kwarin Seine da Reims a arewa mai nisa, tare da yawan ci gaban birane na shekara-shekara na 100.000%. Yawan yawan jama'a shine mazauna 0,2 a kowace murabba'in kilomita.
Tsarin magudanar ruwa na Paris lokaci-lokaci yana fuskantar gazawar da aka sani da malalar magudanar ruwa, yawanci lokacin ruwan sama mai yawa. A cikin wadannan yanayi, an zubar da danyen najasa a cikin Seine. Sakamakon rashin iskar oxygen yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba na asali ba waɗanda suka fi micron ɗaya girma.
Seine yana da ɗanɗano mai yawa na karafa masu nauyi. An auna pH na Pont Neuf Seine a 8,46. Duk da haka, ingancin ruwan ya samu ci gaba sosai idan aka kwatanta da abin da masana tarihi daban-daban suka kira "bude magudanar ruwa" a lokuta daban-daban a baya.
Flora da fauna
Yawancin Seine suna ratsawa ta yankuna masu masana'antu ko haɓaka sosai, don haka flora da fauna suna raguwa. Duk da haka, ruwan har yanzu yana gida don kifaye irin su flounder (Lota lota), pike (Esox lucius), minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), perch (Perca fluviatilis), flounder na Turai (Platichthys flesus), sturgeon na kowa (Acipenser sturio), Tinca. tinca, farin snapper (Blicca bjoerkna), loach (Cobitis taenia), otter (Barbatula barbatula), eel (Anguilla anguilla), kogin lampe (Lampetra planeri), kogin lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) har ma da teku lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), ziyartar brackish ko ruwa mai dadi daga teku. Acipenser sturio yana da wuya ko kuma ya ɓace a cikin koguna, kuma salmon Atlantic (Salmo salar), wanda ya ɓace daga ruwa a farkon karni na XNUMX, ya bayyana yana sake dawowa.
Yanayin yanayin kwarin Seine bai canza sosai ba, tare da kiyasin kashi 2% da gandun daji ke rufe kuma an noma kashi 78%. Tun da Burgundy yanki ne mai samar da ruwan inabi, kusa da tushensa, ƙasar tana mamaye itacen inabi. Bayan hanyar shiga birnin, bakin tekun yana da wasu tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa, wanda ciyawar ta yi fice.
Muhimmancin Saliyo, baya ga tattalin arziki, al'adu da tarihi. Kogi ne mai sauƙin kewayawa saboda ruwan sanyinsa, ƙarancin tsayinsa dangane da matakin teku da gina madatsun ruwa da tafkunan ruwa. A cikin Paris, ta samar da hanyar ruwa kuma hanyar sadarwar magudanar ruwa na birnin tana ɗaukar yawancin zirga-zirgar kogin Faransa. Le Havre ita ce babbar tashar jiragen ruwa a arewacin kasar, a bakin kogin, don haka Paris tana da alaƙa kai tsaye da tashar jiragen ruwa. Seine ya ratsa ta gadoji 37 na Paris da gadoji da yawa a wajen birnin.
Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da kogin Seine da halayensa.