A yau za mu yi magana ne game da kogi na biyu mafi tsayi a Turai. Game da shi Kogin Danube. An yi la'akari da shi matsayin tafki na halitta don wadataccen tsire-tsire da dabbobi inda sama da nau'in dabbobi 4.000 da 1.000 na tsire-tsire suke tare a hanyarsa. Yana da kyakkyawa mai kyau wanda yake fice don shima yana da ƙimar darajar muhalli. Mahimmancinsa ya ta'allaka ne da ƙimar halitta, kasuwanci da mahalli.
Zamu gaya muku duk halayen Danube da yadda yake da mahimmanci a dabi'ance, kasuwanci da muhalli.
Babban fasali
Asalinsa ya fara ne a cikin baƙon dajin Jamus. A duk tsawon tafiyarta tafiye-tafiye sama da ƙasashe 10 a tsakiya da gabashin Turai. A kan wannan an ƙara cewa yana wucewa ta manyan biranen Turai masu mahimmancin gaske kuma yana ƙare har zuwa cikin Bahar Maliya. Baƙin gandun dajin da aka haife shi yana cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka waɗanda aka ƙayyade a matsayin wurin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido.
Daga cikin ƙasashen da yake ƙetarewa muna da masu zuwa:
- Ukraine
- Moldavia
- Alemania
- Austria
- Slovakia
- Hungary
- Serbia
- Croacia
- Bulgaria
- Romania
Tushenta shine mahadar koguna guda biyu da ake kira Brigach da Breg. Ya ɓace cikin Bahar Maliya a cikin Romania. Yawan kwararar sa ya isa haka nan ana iya kewaya shi tsawon fiye da kilomita 2.860. Wannan yasa ya zama kogi na biyu mafi tsayi a duk Turai bayan Kogin Volga a Rasha.
A cikin Kogin Danube mun sami yanki kusan kilomita murabba'in 800.000 kuma yana ƙetare sama da ƙasashe 10 baki ɗaya. Ana iya rarrabe su a bayan wuraren da za a iya gano su a yayin kogin. Ofayan su shine farkon kogin zuwa Bratislava. Daga gare ku wani yanki za mu iya raba shi daga Bratislava zuwa Gofar ƙarfe tsakanin Serbia da Romania. Karshen wannan kogin daga wannan gefen ne zuwa bakin Bahar Maliya.
Wataƙila mafi mahimmanci shine na Gateofar Ironarfe, tunda akwai hanyoyin da ake kira Gorges na ,,abi'a, Golubac, Gospelodin da Kazan, waɗanda sune suke matse hanyar wucewa da duk jirgi saboda a wannan wurin ya taƙaita sosai hanyar kogi.
Halaye na kogin Danube
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman halayen kwarjin wannan kogin shine cewa ana iya kewaya shi kusan duka gaba ɗaya albarkacin kwararar da yake dashi. Tun da sassan Jamus suna haɗuwa da yawa kwari waɗanda ke ƙaura daga mahimman wuraren noma. Hakanan yana da kwararar ruwa daidai da matakin Basin. Ba shi da ikon sarrafawa dangane da zirga-zirga idan aka kwatanta da sauran manyan koguna a Turai. Wato, kodayake ana iya kewaya shi, kasancewar ya kankance, bashi da karfin da zai iya daukar cunkoson ababan hawa.
Ana la'akari da shi kamar shine Amazon na Turai kuma yana da mahimmin kogi na duniya. Ba wai kawai saboda mahimmancin tattalin arziƙi da mahalli ba, amma kuma saboda yana da kyawawan wurare a kan hanyarta.
Duk cikin wannan Basin mun sami wadataccen fauna. Kogin Danube gida ne ga nau'ikan kifin kifi da yawa, tsuntsaye, sturgeons, da sauransu. Dangane da fure, muna da nau'ikan iri daban-daban waɗanda ake samu a cikin dazuzzuka da manyan filayen filayen da suka ƙunshi wasu daga cikin mahimman halittu a Turai. Mun riga mun san cewa yawancin yawancin halittu ana samun su a cikin halittu daban-daban a bankunan da kewayen kogunan duka.
Daga cikin mahimman halittu na cikin ruwa da muke samu a cikin wannan kogin (akwai nau'ikan sama da 70) muna da sturgeon, caviar, shad, European languid da sauran mollusks da amphibians. Hakanan muna da marassa adadi marassa adadi, cormorants da pelicans.
Akwai batun inda Danube yana cikin bango kuma ya haɗu da kogin Rhine. Wannan kogin ne yake sanya ruwan Danube ya kwarara zuwa cikin Bahar Maliya.
Mahimmancin Kogin Danube
Muhimmancin wannan kogin bai ta'allaka ne ga yawan kasashen da yake ratsawa ba, har ma da yawancin manyan biranen. Daga wannan za'a iya gane cewa yana da mahimmanci, musamman saboda tana da tashoshin ruwan sama waɗanda suke matsayin gadoji na ƙasa da ƙasa don ayyukan noma, kamun kifi, yawon buɗe ido, kasuwanci da masana'antu.
Kogi ne wanda akafi amfani dashi azaman safarar kasuwanci. Countriesasashen da rafin Danube ya ratsa suna fa'ida da gaskiyar cewa wannan kogin yana da iya iyawa - jigilar albarkatun mota, karafa, layin dogo, sinadarai, ɓangaren mai, da dai sauransu Wasu daga cikin sanannun nau'ikan motoci sune waɗanda ke amfani da wannan tashar don jigilar kayan. Idan yanayin amfani da wannan kogin don jigilar kaya ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa, ana kiyasta cewa a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa jigilar kogin kan wannan kogin zai ninka.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci dangane da madatsun ruwansa. Tare da tafiyar o yana da shuke-shuke da ke samar da wutar lantarki a cikin kwantena daban-daban da aka gina. Ga masana'antu, aikin gona da kamun kifi, waɗannan magudanan ruwa suna da babbar sha'awar tattalin arziƙi. Mafi mahimmin akwati shine na ƙofar ƙarfe. Kamfani ne babba wanda aka gina shi a cikin shekaru 60 don cin gajiyar kwararar wannan kogin tare da maida shi makamashin hydroelectric. Bugu da kari, hakanan yana inganta inganta zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa wanda a wancan lokacin yana da matukar hadari saboda karfin ruwan da ke tasowa tare da irin wadancan gwamnatocin iska.
Duk wannan ya taimaka yawon shakatawa ya zama mai falala tunda akwai kwararar kwale-kwale, nau'ikan balaguro na jirgin ruwa inda zaku iya yin tafiya a duk shekara da kuma wanda dubun-dubatar masu yawon buɗe ido suka ziyarta daga ko'ina cikin duniya.
Gurbatar yanayi da ambaliyar ruwa
Abin da ba shi da kyau game da wannan kogin shi ne cewa yana da tasiri mara kyau da yawa. Daya shine mutum ya gurbata ruwan ta hanyar Masana'antu, ɓarnatar da amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da yawa wanda ke jefa nau'ikan flora da fauna iri daban-daban cikin haɗarin halaka. Gina madatsun ruwa, kwantena kuma yana yin mummunan tasiri ga daidaitaccen yanayin kogin.
Daga aikin noma, ruwan ma gurbatacce ne sakamakon kwararar takin zamani da magungunan kwari da ba su da magudanar ruwa mai kyau. Duk wannan yana barazanar rayuwar sturgeon, beaver, pelican da Turai.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da irin wannan kogin na Danube.