Kodayake Kogin Congo Tana daya daga cikin manyan koguna a duniya, al'adun Yammacin duniya ne suka gano ta har zuwa karshen karni na 1482. A zahiri, labarai da yawa suna farawa da isowar Turawan Fotigal. Kogin Congo yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman koguna a kan taswirar ruwa ta duniya, amma Yammacin duniya ba ta san shi ba har zuwa XNUMX.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da halaye, yanayin ƙasa da kuma bambancin halittu na Kogin Congo.
Babban fasali
Tare da hanyarta, wanda ya ratsa Zambiya, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Jamhuriyar Congo da Angola, jin girman ba shi da lokaci kuma ba za a iya misaltawa ba. Mafi zurfin kogi a duniya kuma gida ne na musamman da dabbobi iri daban-daban. A wannan ma'anar, Congo tana da kananan matsuguni da yawa tare da yanayi daban-daban na muhalli, wanda hakan yasa ya zama mai yuwuwar wadataccen yalwar halittu.
Wannan kogin na Afirka shi ne na biyu mafi girma a duniya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma na biyu mafi zurfin a nahiyar Afirka kuma yana ba da yanayin yanayi mai zafi wanda ke tallafawa dubban nau'ikan nau'ikan dake cikin tafkinsa. Sunanta ya fito ne daga Masarautar Kongo, daya daga cikin mahimman kasashen yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara kafin zuwan bakin haure.
Kogin Congo yana gabashin gabashin Afirka, tare da yankin magudanan ruwa kusan kilomita murabba'in miliyan 4,01. Haɗa ƙasashen Kongo, Jamhuriyar Demokiradiyar Congo, Ruwanda, Angola, Burundi, Kamaru, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Zambiya, Tanzania. da Gabon, kodayake a cikin wasu kwata-kwata kusan babu shigar azzakari cikin farji. An kiyasta cewa yakai kusan kilomita 4.700 tsayi kuma yana ɗaukar matsakaita na cubic mita 41.000 a sakan na ruwa., wani ɓangare saboda yana karɓar matsakaicin ruwan sama 152 a shekara. Siffar sa ta ɗan lanƙwasa kuma ya ƙetare mahaɗar sau biyu.
Tushen Kogin Congo ya kasance mai rikitarwa kamar yadda ake samun sauran kogunan, amma galibi ana jin cewa kogin ya samo asali ne daga tsaunukan Rift Valley na Gabashin Afirka a arewa maso gabashin Zambiya, tsakanin Tafkin Tanganyika da Kogin Niassa. Mai yiwuwa asalinsa shine Kogin Changbei a tsawan kusan mita 1.760. Ana yin allurar ne a cikin Tekun Atlantika tare da ayaba a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Kogin yana da kamannin baka, an kasa shi zuwa Upper Congo, Central Congo da Lower Congo, wanda masu ruwa kamar Lulonga, Aluwimi, Mongara da Kasai ke ciyar da shi.
Upper Congo ya samo asali ne daga Babban Rift Valley na Gabashin Afirka kuma ya ƙare a Stanley Falls, yana farawa daga Kongo ta Tsakiya kuma yana ci gaba arewa da kilomita da yawa.
Ta wucewa ta cikin Kisangani a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, kogin ya juya zuwa yamma kuma nan da nan ya ci gaba da gudana zuwa kudu maso yamma. Halin wannan ɓangaren na tsakiya shine cewa babu hanzari ko faduwar ruwa, saboda haka yana iya zama mai iya tafiya. Congoasar Kwango ta ƙetare garin Kinshasa, daga wannan lokacin ta faɗaɗa, tare da yin saurin ɓarke a wasu yankuna.
Samuwar kogin Congo
Yanayi da tashar ruwa ta biyar mafi tsawo a duniya ba ta tsufa sosai. Yawancin kwandon ruwa Mesozoic ne, amma kuma Paleozoic da neoproterozoic sediments an sami su.
A bayyane yake, kafin Mesozoic, Kwango ita ce hanyar babban kogin da ya gudana daga gabas zuwa yamma ta hanyar Gondwana, amma rabuwar wannan ƙasar ya haifar da fitowar sabbin tubala biyu: Afirka a yau da Kudancin Amurka a yau, ta haka ne ake canza hanyar kogin da siffar sauran jikin ruwa. Kogin Congo ya ɗauki fasalinsa na yanzu wani lokaci a cikin Pleistocene tsakanin shekaru 150.000 zuwa 200.000 da suka gabata.
Flora da fauna na Kogin Congo
Saboda yanayin wurare masu zafi inda kogin yake da kuma wadatattun ma'adanai da kowane yanki na ruwa ya bayar da gudummawarsa, yana da wadataccen ruwa mai tarin yawa. Daruruwan jinsunan kifaye suna iyo a cikin ruwansa kuma 7 daga cikin iyalai 10 na kifayen Tanganyika sun samu ci gaba a cikin ruwansa. Mafi yawan kifi na dangin Ciclidae, Mormyridae, Characidae, Distichitodontidae, Mochokidae, Bagridae, Cyprinidae da Siluriformes. Kada da kunkuru, kamar su da yawa daga birrai da tsuntsayen ruwa suna samun cikakkun gidajensu a cikin ruwa.
Daga shuke-shuke na ruwa ruwa hyacinth, lili da kifin ruwa na ruwa sun yi fice.
Mahimmancin tattalin arziki
Kogin Congo ya kasance hanyar sufuri ga mutanen Bantu na da. Hakanan tushen abinci ne ga dukkan ƙabilun dake kusa. Mahimmancinsa na tattalin arziki yayi daidai da na Kogin Nilu Masu binciken Turai sun bi mafi yawan hanyoyinsa kuma har yanzu suna hada garuruwa da birane a yau saboda rashin ingantattun hanyoyi a yankin. Kayayyaki kamar sukari, kofi, auduga, jan ƙarfe, da man dabino galibi ana ɗaukarsu daga wannan wuri zuwa wancan kuma, har zuwa kwanan nan, jiragen ruwa sune mahimman hanyoyin jigilar kaya zuwa kogin.
Fiye da mutane miliyan 75 sun dogara ne da albarkatun Kogin Congo, gami da magunguna, ruwa, kayayyakin more rayuwa, matsuguni kuma, ba shakka, abinci. An gina madatsun ruwa daban-daban da kuma tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki a gefen kogin don samar wa dan adam wutar lantarki.
Wasu kifayen, kamar wadanda suke cikin kungiyoyin Protopterus, Parachanna, Bagridae, Characidae, da Distichodontus, ana iya haifar da su ta hanyar kamun kifi, gabatar da wasu jinsunan Kongo wadanda ba 'yan asalin kasar ba, da kuma sare bishiyoyi. Lalacewar dazuzzuka da rashin amfani da albarkatun ruwa na rage ingancin ruwa da ƙwayoyin da ke rayuwa a cikinsu.
Dazukan kogin Kongo tara 8% na dukkan carbon da aka ajiye a cikin gandun daji na duniya, yana mai da shi babban ɗakunan shan iska a Afirka kuma na huɗu a duniya. Koyaya, kusan kashi 85% na wannan gandun dajin budurwa ta lalace kuma sare bishiyar na barazana ga sauran gandun daji. Alkaluman sare dazuzzuka a Afirka ta Tsakiya a 2050 na hasashen hakan ne kawai a cikin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo za ta fitar da tan biliyan 34,4 na carbon dioxide.
Dubun miliyoyin mutane sun dogara da gandun daji don rayuwa. A Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo kadai, mutane miliyan 40 ne ke rayuwa a cikin wadannan dazuzzuka. A wannan yanki na duniya, duk al'adu suna rayuwa kai tsaye daga daji don tsari, kiwon lafiya, abinci, da rayuwa ta al'adu da ta ruhaniya.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Kogin Congo da halayensa.