A yau zamuyi magana ne akan daya daga cikin mutanen da suka ba da bayanai da yawa ga kimiyya. Ya game Claudius Ptolemy. Wani mutum ne wanda masanin ilimin falaki ne, masanin lissafi da kuma ilimin kasa kuma duk da cewa akwai bayanai kadan a rayuwarsa, wannan masanin ya rayu har zuwa yau. Ba a san takamaiman inda aka haife shi ba, ko kuma a wane kwanan wata. Hakanan ba a san inda ya mutu ba amma mun san irin gudummawar da ya bayar.
Sabili da haka, zamu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku duk tarihin rayuwar da abubuwan da Claudio Ptolemy yayi.
Tarihin rayuwar Claudius Ptolemy
Kodayake ba a san ainihin inda aka haifi Claudius Ptolemy ba, an kiyasta cewa a Masar ne. Duk ayyukanta an tsara su ne tsakanin kwanakin farkon ganinka na farko da kayi a AD 127 Anyi wannan lura a shekara ta goma sha ɗaya ta mulkin Hadrian. A gefe guda, ɗayan bayanansa na kwanan nan kwanan wata AD 141. A cikin katalogin tauraron ya karɓi shekarar farko ta mulkin Emperor Antoninus Pius a matsayin kwanan wata mai ma'ana ga dukkan daidaito. Wannan shekarar tunani itace AD 138
Claudius Ptolemy ya kasance fitacce a matsayin babban wakili na karshe na dukkan ilmin taurari na Girka. Kuma shine babban aikinta an haɓaka shi a cikin mai lura da haikalin Serapis a Canopus. Wannan gidan kallon yana kusa da Alexandria. Babban kuma shahararren aikin Claudius Ptolemy wanda ya zama sananne ne shi shine Lissafin ilimin lissafi. Wannan aikin ya kasu kashi 13 wanda aka ayyana a matsayin babban aiki mai girma. Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya rarrabe shi da sauran tarin matanin ilimin taurari da sauran marubuta. Muhimmancin aikinsa na iya zama mai dacewa don ci gaban kimiyya.
Sha'awar da ta sa duk aikin Claudius Ptolemy ya gabatar da wata al'ada ta komawa gare shi ta amfani da kalmar Girkanci megisté. Wannan lokacin yana nufin mai girma da matsakaici. Wannan shi ne tasirin aikin da Halifa al-Mamun ya yi da cikakkiyar Larabci da aka fassara a cikin 827. Sunan al-Magisti kamar yadda fassarar da aka faɗi wanda ya zo daga taken Almagest. An karɓi wannan taken a cikin tsohuwar Yamma daga fassarar farko zuwa fassarar larabci. An fassara wannan fassarar a Toledo a cikin 1175.
Halaye na aikin Claudius Ptolemy
Ta amfani da dukkan bayanan da magabata suka tattara, Claudius Ptolemy ya gina tsarin duniya wanda ke wakiltar tare da babban takardar sayan magani duk motsin da ke bayyane na rana, wata da taurari 5 da aka sani a lokacin. Musamman ya yi amfani da bayanan da Hipparchus ya tattara tunda sun mai da hankali kan wannan. Ya sami damar kafa waɗannan ƙungiyoyi tare da takamaiman matakin daidaito saboda albarkatun yanayin ƙasa da ƙididdigar rikitarwa. Tushen wannan ilimin ya ginu ne bisa tsarin tsarin kasa. A cikin wannan tsarin duniyar tamu ce ba ta motsi a tsakiyar sararin samaniya. Daga wannan ne duk wasu abubuwan da ke samaniya, wadanda suka hada da rana, wata da sauran duniyoyin, suke kewaya duniyar tamu.
Taurarin da aka sani a lokacin sune Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, da Saturn. A cikin wannan tsarin, Duniya ta shagaltar da matsayinta na dan kadan game da tsakiyar dukkanin kewayen da sauran halittun samaniya suka motsa akan su. Wadannan layukan matsayi an san su da suna daban-daban. Jiki kawai na sama wanda ya ratsa madaidaicin da'irar shi tare da motsi iri daya shine rana. A gefe guda kuma, wata da sauran duniyoyin sun koma wani da'irar. Wannan da'irar ana kiranta da keke. Tsakanin motsin motar yana juyawa akan raunin da kuma yana ba shi damar bayyana wa Claudius Ptolemy duk ɓarnar da za a iya lura da su a cikin motsin halittun sama.
Tsarin Claudius Ptolemy
Wannan tsarin ya iya samar da fassarar dukkan motsin duniya wanda yayi daidai da ka'idojin sararin samaniya na Aristotelian wanda yake a lokacin. Har ila yau, ya kasance samfurin kawai har zuwa Renaissance. A lokacin lokacin sake haihuwa, akwai mafi daidaito yayin lura da jikin samaniya kuma akwai ƙarin bayani saboda godiya da yawa game da falaki. Yawancin bayanai game da ilimin taurari a wannan lokacin an yi su ne a ƙarshen zamanin da. Da wannan ilimin ne, ya zama dole a gabatar da sabbin keke da yawa wadanda suka sanya duk wani abu mai nasaba da ilmin taurari mai wahalar fahimta.
A zahiri, samfurin heliocentric da aka fallasa ta Copernicus Aiki ne ya fara ɓacewa dukkan ilimin falaki na Claudius Ptolemy tunda yana da sauƙin da aka ɗauka ɗayan waɗannan mahimman ƙarfin.
Amma ka tuna cewa Claudius Ptolemy Bai kasance masanin sararin samaniya kawai ba har ma ya kasance mai ilmin sanin yanayin kasa. Idan aka ba shi ilimin sanin ƙasa sai ya sami damar yin tasiri sosai sakamakon abubuwan da aka gano na ƙasa. A cikin aikinsa mai girma 8 da ake kira Labarin kasa An tattara dabarun ilimin lissafi don zana taswirori daban-daban ta amfani da tsarin tsinkaye daban-daban. Hakanan yana tattara tarin abubuwa masu mahimmanci da daidaito na daidaitattun wurare tare da wurare daban-daban a duniyar da aka sani.
Don fadada wannan aikin, Claudius Ptolemy ya amince da ƙididdigar da Posidonius yayi game da kewaye Duniya. Wannan ƙididdigar ta kasance ƙasa da ƙimar gaske kuma ta cika girman continentasar Eurasia ta hanyar gabas-yamma. Wannan halin ya fadakar da Christopher Columbus don aiwatar da tafiyarsa, wanda shine zai gano Amurka.
Sauran ayyuka
Wani aikin Claudio Ptolemy An kasu kashi 5 kuma an san shi da sunan Ingantattun abubuwa. Ayyukan da aka faɗi a kan ka'idar madubai da kuma tunani da ƙyamar haske. Waɗannan abubuwan sun kasance na zahiri kuma sakamakon da ya same su an yi la'akari da su don lura da ilimin taurari. Har ila yau, an yaba masa da marubuta game da ilmin taurari da ake kira Tetrabiblos wanda ya gabatar da duk halaye da sauran rubuce-rubucen da kuma cewa ya cancanci yawancin yankin da yake da shi a tsakiyar zamanai.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da tarihin rayuwar da fa'idodin Claudio Ptolemy.