Estonia: halaye da yanayi

yanayi na arewacin Turai

Estonia jiha ce a yankin Baltic a arewacin Turai. Tana iyaka da arewa da Tekun Finland, zuwa yamma ta Tekun Baltic, a kudu da Latvia sannan daga gabas da tafkin Peipsi da Tarayyar Rasha. Yana da yanayi na musamman, ilimin geology da bambancin, don haka yana da daraja yin nazari a zurfi.

Saboda haka, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da Estonia, halayenta, bambancin halittu da ilimin halitta.

Babban fasali

Estonia

Estonia tana da fadin kasa murabba'in kilomita 45.227 (mil murabba'in 17.462) kuma yanayi mai laushi ya shafe shi. Mutanen Estoniya Finnish ne kuma kawai harshen hukuma na Estoniya yana da alaƙa da Finnish.

Estonia tana da yawan jama'a miliyan 1,34 kuma tana daya daga cikin mafi karancin yawan jama'a na Tarayyar Turai, Tarayyar Turai da NATO. GDP na Estoniya akan kowane mutum shine mafi girma a cikin duk ƙasashen da suka taɓa kasancewa cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Bankin Duniya ya ware Estonia a matsayin tattalin arziƙi mai girma da kuma memba mai girma na OECD. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sanya kasar Estonia a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba mai kimar ci gaban bil'adama sosai.

Yanayin Estoniya

yanayi na estonia

Estonia is located a arewacin yankin yankin yanayi mai zafi da kuma yankin canji tsakanin yanayin nahiyoyi da na teku. Domin Estonia (da duk arewacin Turai) kullum yana zafi da iskar teku da zafin Arewacin Atlantic ya shafa, tana da yanayi mai laushi duk da wurin da yake a arewacin latitudes. Tekun Baltic yana haifar da bambance-bambancen yanayi tsakanin yankunan bakin teku da na ciki. Estonia tana da yanayi huɗu na kusan tsayi iri ɗaya. Matsakaicin zafin jiki ya tashi daga 16,3 ° C (61,3 ° F) a cikin tsibiran Tekun Baltic zuwa 18,1 ° C (64,6 ° F) a ciki, tare da Yuli shine watan mafi zafi da -3,5 ° C (25,7 ° F) a tsibirin Baltic Sea. . 7,6 ° C (18,3 ° F) cikin ƙasa, Fabrairu, watan mafi sanyi.

Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a Estonia shine 5.2 ° C. Fabrairu shine watan mafi sanyi na shekara, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na -5,7 ° C. Yuli ana ɗaukar watan mafi zafi a shekara, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 16,4 ° C.

Har ila yau yanayi yana shafar Tekun Atlantika, magudanar ruwa na Arewacin Tekun Atlantika, da Minima na Iceland. Iceland yanki ne da aka sani da samuwar guguwar iska, kuma matsakaicin matsa lamba na yanayi ya yi ƙasa da na yankunan makwabta. Estonia tana cikin yanki mai ɗanɗano kuma hazo ya fi yawan ƙawa. Matsakaicin ruwan sama daga 1961 zuwa 1990 ya kasance 535 zuwa 727 mm (21,1 zuwa 28,6 mm) a kowace shekara, mafi karfi a lokacin rani. Adadin kwanakin damina a kowace shekara yana tsakanin 102 zuwa 127, tare da mafi yawan ruwan sama a kan gangaren yammacin tsaunukan Saqqara da Hanja. Rufin dusar ƙanƙara a kudu maso gabashin Estonia yana da zurfi kuma yawanci yana wucewa daga tsakiyar Disamba zuwa ƙarshen Maris.

Masana'antu da muhalli

taswirar estonia

Duk da rashin wadataccen albarkatu a Estonia, wannan ƙasa har yanzu tana ba da albarkatu iri-iri na sakandare. Kasar na da dimbin man fetur, da tulu, da farar hula, kuma dazuzzukan sun mamaye kashi 50,6% na kasar. Bugu da ƙari ga man shale da lemun tsami, Estonia kuma yana da adadi mai yawa na PR, amphibole asphalt da granite da ba a haɓaka ba.

An samo adadi mai yawa na oxides na ƙasa mai yawa a cikin wutsiya da aka tara a cikin shekaru 50 na amfani da Sillamäe uranium, shale da loparite. Yayin da farashin kasa da ba kasafai ya tashi ba, hakar wadannan oxides ya zama mai amfani ta fuskar tattalin arziki. A halin yanzu, ƙasar tana fitar da kusan tan 3.000 a kowace shekara, wanda ke wakiltar kusan kashi 2% na samar da duniya.

Masana'antun abinci, gine-gine da na'urorin lantarki ɗaya ne daga cikin mahimman rassa na masana'antar Estoniya. A shekarar 2007, masana'antar gine-gine ta dauki ma'aikata sama da 80,000 aiki, wanda ke wakiltar kusan kashi 12% na ma'aikatan ƙasa. Wani muhimmin bangaren masana'antu shine masana'antar injuna da sinadarai, wanda galibi a gundumar Ida-Viru da kusa da Tallinn.

Har ila yau, masana'antar hakar mai da tagulla sun taru ne a gabashi da Estoniya, wanda ke samar da kusan kashi 90% na wutar lantarkin kasar. Ana amfani da man Shale sosai, amma kuma yana haifar da mummunar illa ga muhalli. Duk da cewa yawan gurbacewar da ake fitarwa a sararin samaniya yana raguwa tun cikin shekarun 1980, sinadarin sulfur dioxide da aka samu ta hanyar saurin bunkasuwar masana'antar hakar ma'adinai a Tarayyar Soviet a shekarun 1950 har yanzu yana gurbata iska.

Estonia kasa ce da ta dogara da makamashi da samar da ita. Kamfanoni da dama na cikin gida da na waje sun yi ta zuba hannun jari a fannin makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa. Muhimmancin makamashin iska ya karu a hankali a Estonia. Jimlar samar da makamashin iska yana kusa da 60MW. Haka kuma, ayyukan da ake gudanarwa a halin yanzu suna da darajar kusan MW 399. kuma ana kan gina ayyukan sama da megawatt 2.800. An ba da shawarwari a yankin tafkin Peipus da yankin bakin teku na Hiiumaa.

Seasons na shekara a Estonia

Lokacin hunturu Estoniya yana da sanyi sosai: ko da a lokacin rana, yawan zafin jiki ya kasance ƙasa da daskarewa na dogon lokaci. Matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin Janairu da Fabrairu yana tsakanin -1 ° C a bakin tekun manyan tsibiran biyu (Hiuma da Saaremaa) zuwa -3,5 ° C a bakin tekun Tallinn da arewa maso gabas da -4 ° C a bakin tekun. Jira. A cikin Gulf of Riga, yana sauka zuwa -5 ° C a cikin ciki na arewa maso gabas.

A cikin bazara, rana ta tsawaita kuma yanayin zafi yana tashi a hankali; Narke yawanci yana faruwa a farkon Afrilu, amma ko da tsakanin ƙarshen Afrilu da farkon Mayu, sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara na iya dawowa kwatsam. Afrilu wata ne mai saurin canzawa, don haka yanayin sanyi na iya fara bayyana a rabin na biyu na wata. Daga tsakiyar watan Mayu, yawan zafin jiki yana karɓa.

Lokacin bazara a Estonia yanayi ne mai daɗi, Mafi yawan zafin jiki yana canzawa kusan digiri 20/22, wanda ke nufin cewa zafin jiki ba shi da yawa, amma ya dace da tafiya da ayyukan waje. Daren yana da sanyi, tare da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na digiri 12/13 (har zuwa 15 ° C a bakin tekun yamma).

Lokacin rani yana da ruwa sosai yayin da ake ruwan sama a matsakaicin kashi uku na yini, amma ba zai yiwu a ga rana ba. Fall lokacin launin toka ne da damina. Idan har yanzu yanayin zafi a watan Satumba yana da karbuwa, zai yi sanyi da sauri ta yadda dusar ƙanƙara ta farko za ta iya faɗo a ƙarshen Oktoba. Idan aka kwatanta da bazara, kaka ya fi duhu saboda guntun kwanaki, wannan bambanci ana iya gani a ko'ina, amma an fi bayyana shi a cikin ƙasashen Nordic.

Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Estonia da yanayinta.


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