Guguwar Katrina, ɗayan mafiya lalacewa a tarihinmu na kwanan nan

Abubuwan da ke faruwa a sararin samaniya abubuwa ne da yawanci suke haifar da lalacewa, amma ba kamar waɗanda suka faru ba Guguwar Katrina. Akalla mutane 1833 suka mutu daga mahaukaciyar guguwar kanta ko kuma ambaliyar da ta biyo baya, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mafi munin lokacin guguwa ta Atlantic a 2005, kuma na biyu a tarihin Amurka, a bayan San kawai Felipe II, 1928.

Amma, Menene asalin da yanayin wannan mahaukaciyar guguwa mai ƙarfi da, kawai ta faɗin sunanta, hotunan ɓarna da ta bari a Amurka nan da nan suke tunani?

Guguwar Katrina tarihi

Yin magana game da Katrina shine magana game da New Orleans, Mississippi, da sauran ƙasashe waɗanda suka wahala daga aukuwar wannan guguwar na wurare masu zafi. Wannan ita ce guguwa ta goma sha biyu da ta samo asali a lokacin guguwa na shekarar 2005, musamman a ranar 23 ga Agusta, a kudu maso gabashin Bahamas. Sakamakon hadaddiyar igiyar ruwa da Tropical Depression Diez ne, wanda aka kirkira a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta.

Tsarin ya kai matsayin guguwar wurare masu zafi kwana ɗaya bayan haka, a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, ranar da za'a sake mata suna Katrina. Yanayin da ya biyo baya shine:

• Agusta 23: ya nufi Hallandale Beach da Aventura. Bayan zuwa saukowa sai ya yi rauni, amma sa'a daya bayan haka, lokacin da ya shiga Tekun Mexico, sai ya sake yin karfi kuma ya sake dawowa da matsayin guguwa.
• Agusta 27Ya kai rukuni na 3 a sikelin Saffir-Simpson, amma sake zagayowar bangon ido ya sa shi ninka girma. Wannan saurin karawa ya kasance ne saboda ruwan dumi da ba a saba gani ba, wanda ya sa iska saurin kadawa. Don haka, washegari ya kai rukuni na 5.
• Agusta 29: Ya sauko kasa a karo na biyu a matsayin mahaukaciyar guguwa ta 3 a kusa da Buras (Louisiana), Breton, Louisiana da Mississipi tare da iskoki 195km / h.
• Agusta 31: ya ragu zuwa tsananin damuwa na wurare masu zafi kusa da Clarksville (Tennessee), kuma ya ci gaba akan hanyarsa zuwa Manyan Tabkuna.

A ƙarshe, ya zama hadari mai iska wanda ya motsa arewa maso gabas kuma ya shafi gabashin Kanada.

Waɗanne matakai aka ɗauka don kauce wa lalacewa?

Cibiyar Guguwa ta Kasa (CNH) bayar da agogon mahaukaciyar guguwa a kudu maso gabashin Louisiana, Mississipi da Alabama a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta bayan bitar hanyar da guguwar zata bi. A wannan rana, Hukumar Tsaron Amurka ta gudanar da aiyukan ceto daga Texas zuwa Florida.

Shugaban Amurka na lokacin, George W. Bush ya ayyana dokar ta baci a Louisiana, Alabama da Mississippi a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta. Da rana, CNH ta ba da gargaɗin guguwa game da shimfidar bakin teku tsakanin Morgan City (Louisiana) da iyakar Alabama da Floridaawanni goma sha biyu bayan gargadi na farko.

Har zuwa lokacin, ba wanda zai iya sanin yadda Katrina za ta kasance mai halakarwa. An fitar da wata sanarwa daga ofishin New Orleans / Baton Rouge na Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta gargadi cewa yankin na iya zama ba zai zauna ba har tsawon makonni.. A ranar 28 ga watan Agusta, Bush yayi magana da Gwamna Blanco don bada shawarar ƙaura ƙaura daga New Orleans.

A cikin duka, kusan mutane miliyan 1,2 daga Tekun Golf da kuma yawancin waɗanda ke cikin New Orleans dole ne a kwashe su.

Wace lalacewa ta haifar?

Marigayi

Guguwar Katrina yayi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 1833: 2 a Alabama, 2 a Georgia, 14 a Florida, 238 a Mississipi da 1577 a Louisiana. Bugu da kari, an rasa 135.

Lalacewar abu

• en el kudancin Florida da Cuba an kiyasta asarar da ta kai dala biliyan daya zuwa biyu, galibi saboda ambaliyar ruwa da bishiyun da suka fadi. Akwai ruwan sama mai mahimmanci a Florida, tare da 250mm, kuma a Cuba, tare da 200mm. Garin Batabanó na Kuban ya yi ambaliyar kashi 90%.
• En Louisiana Hazo ma ya yi tsanani, daga 200 zuwa 250mm, wanda ya sa matakin tafkin Pontchartrain ya tashi, wanda kuma ya mamaye garuruwan da ke tsakanin Slidell da Mandeville. I-10 Twin Span Bridge, wanda ya haɗa Slidell da New Orleans, ya lalace.
• En New Orleans ruwan sama ya yi yawa sosai har ila yau garin ya cika da ambaliyar ruwa. Bugu da kari, Katrina ta haifar da keta haddi 53 a cikin tsarin levee wanda ya kiyaye ta. Hanyoyi ba su da damar shiga sai dai Crescent City Connection, don haka suna iya barin garin zuwa gare shi kawai.
• En Mississippi, ya haifar da lalacewar da aka kiyasta biliyoyin daloli a gadoji, jiragen ruwa, motoci, gidaje da kuma huji. Guguwar ta ragargaza ta, wanda ya haifar da ƙananan hukumomi 82 da aka ayyana yankunan bala'in taimakon tarayya.
• en el Kudu maso gabashin Amurka an yi iska mai karfin kilomita 107 / h a cikin Alabama, inda guguwa huɗu kuma ta kafu. Tsibirin Dauphin ya lalace sosai. Sakamakon guguwa, rairayin bakin teku sun lalace.

Yayin da ta nufi arewa kuma tayi rauni, Katrina har yanzu tana da ƙarfi da zai iya haifar da ambaliyar a Kentucky, West Virginia, da Ohio.

Gaba ɗaya asarar dukiya ta kai kimanin dala miliyan 108.

Tasirin muhalli

Lokacin da muke magana game da guguwa sai muyi tunanin barnar da suke yi wa birane da garuruwa, wanda hakan ba shi da ma'ana tunda muna yin rayuwarmu a waɗannan wuraren. Koyaya, wani lokacin yakan faru cewa ɗayan waɗannan al'amuran suna haifar da mummunan lahani ga mahalli. Kuma Katrina tana ɗaya daga cikinsu.

Rushewar kusan 560km2 na ƙasar a Louisiana, a cewar Binciken Geoasa na Amurka, wasu yankuna inda ake da ruwan goro mai ruwan goro, kunkuru, kifi da dabbobi masu shayarwa da yawa. Ba wannan kawai ba, amma dole ne a rufe mafaka na namun daji goma sha shida.

A Louisiana, an samu malalar mai a wurare 44 a kudu maso gabas, wanda aka fassara zuwa lita miliyan 26. Yawancin an sarrafa su, amma wasu sun isa tsarin halittu da kuma garin Meraux.

Tasiri kan yawan mutane

Lokacin da kuka rasa abinci da ruwa, kuna yin duk abin da ya kamata don samun shi. Amma ba za ku kadai ke wawashewa da sata ba - haka ma masu tashin hankali. Wannan shi ne ainihin abin da ya faru a Amurka. Guardungiyar Tsaro ta Amurka tura sojoji 58.000 don ƙoƙarin sarrafa biranen, kodayake ba su da sauƙi: adadin kisan kai daga Satumba 2005 zuwa Fabrairu 2006 ya karu da kashi 28%, kai kisan kai 170.

Shin an dauki matakan da suka dace?

Akwai wadanda suke tunanin hakan Gwamnatin (asar Amirka ba ta yin duk abin da zai yiwu don guje wa asarar mutane. Mawakiya Kanye West a wani taron kade kade da fa'idar da NBC ta watsa ya ce "George Bush bai damu da bakar fata ba." Tsohon shugaban ya mayar da martani ga wannan zargin da cewa wannan shi ne mafi munin lokacin da ya zama shugaban kasa, bayan da ya zargi kansa da nuna wariyar launin fata.

John prescott, tsohon Mataimakin Firayim Minista na Burtaniya, ya ce “mummunar ambaliyar a New Orleans ta kawo mu kusa da damuwar shugabannin kasashe kamar Maldives, wadanda kasashensu ke cikin barazanar bacewa kwata-kwata. (Asar Amirka ta yi jinkirin bin yarjejeniyar Kyoto, wanda na yi la'akari da kuskure.

Duk da abin da ya faru, ƙasashe da yawa sun so taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsira daga Katrina, ko dai ta hanyar aika kuɗi, abinci, magani ko duk abin da za su iya. Taimakon ƙasashen duniya ya yi yawa cewa daga dala miliyan 854 da suka samu, kawai suna buƙatar 40 (ƙasa da 5%).

Guguwar Katrina ta bar alama a Amurka, amma ina tsammanin a kanmu duka ma. Ya kasance ɗayan mahimman wakilci na ƙarfin yanayi. Yanayin da yake can, yana kula da mu mafi yawan lokuta, kuma wani lokacin yana sanya mu cikin gwaji.