Gudun sauti

saurin sauti a cikin jiragen sama

Tabbas sau da yawa kun ga cewa lokacin da ake hadari abu na farko da akwai haske shine walƙiya sannan sautin ya iso. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yanayin Gudun sauti. Masana kimiyya sun gano menene iyakar gudun da sauti zai iya yaduwa ta cikin iska. A kimiyyar lissafi wannan yana da mahimmanci.

Don haka, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da saurin sauti da yadda yake yaduwa.

Gudun sauti

Gudun sauti

Saurin yaɗuwar igiyar sauti ya dogara ne da sifofin matsakaiciyar da ake watsa ta, ba akan halayen igiyar ko ƙarfin da ke samar da ita ba. Wannan saurin yaduwa na raƙuman sauti kuma ana kiranta saurin sauti A cikin yanayin duniya, zazzabi shine 20ºC, wanda shine mita 343 a sakan daya.

Saurin sauti ya bambanta da matsakaicin yaduwa kuma yadda yake yaduwa a cikin matsakaici yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar wasu halaye na matsakaicin watsawa. Lokacin da zazzabi na matsakaicin yaduwa ya canza, saurin sauti ma zai canza. Wannan saboda karuwar zafin jiki yana haifar da ƙaruwa a cikin yawan ma'amala tsakanin barbashi waɗanda ke ɗaukar girgiza, wanda ke fassara zuwa karuwa cikin saurin igiyar ruwa.

Gabaɗaya, saurin sauti a cikin daskararru ya fi na ruwa kuma saurin sauti a cikin ruwa ya fi na gas. Wannan saboda ƙaramin abu mai ƙarfi, shine mafi girman matakin haɗin kai na abubuwan atomic, wanda ke fifita yaduwar raƙuman sauti.

Saurin yaɗa sauti ya dogara ne kaɗai a kan elasticity na matsakaici da ke yada shi. Elasticity yana nufin ikon mayar da sifar sa ta asali.

Menene sauti

Sauti shine matsin lamba wanda zai iya yaduwa ta iska ta hanyar matsawa da bacin rai. Sautin da muke hangowa a kusa da mu ba wani abu bane illa kuzarin da ake samu ta hanyar rawar jiki wanda ke yaduwa ta cikin iska ko wani matsakaici, wanda za a iya karɓa kuma a ji lokacin da ya isa kunnen ɗan adam. Mun san cewa sauti yana tafiya a cikin yanayin raƙuman ruwa.

Waves sune hargitsi a cikin matsakaici, wanda ke canza makamashi daga aya zuwa wani ba tare da hulɗa kai tsaye tsakanin waɗannan maki biyu ba. Zamu iya cewa raƙuman ruwa ana samar da shi ta hanyar girgiza barbashi na matsakaiciyar hanyar da yake wucewa, wato tsarin yaduwa wanda yayi daidai da ƙaurawar doguwar hanya (a cikin hanyar yaduwa) na ƙwayoyin iska. Yankin tare da babban ƙaura yana bayyana a yankin inda girman canjin matsin lamba yake sifili kuma akasin haka.

Sautin a cikin mai magana

mai magana

Air a cikin bututu tare da mai magana a ƙarshensa kuma a rufe a ƙarshen ƙarshen yana girgiza a cikin hanyar raƙuman ruwa. A tsaye a tsaye. Mallakan hanyoyin girgiza bututu tare da waɗannan halaye. Ya dace da igiyar sine, wanda tsayinsa ya kai haka da cewa akwai maɗaukakiyar sifili. Cirewar kumburin a ƙarshen mai magana da rufe bututun, saboda iska ba zata iya motsi da yardar kaina ba saboda mai magana da murfin bututu, bi da bi. A cikin waɗannan nodes muna da matsakaicin bambancin matsin lamba, antinode ko ciki, na raƙuman ruwa na tsaye.

Saurin sauti a cikin kafofin watsa labarai daban -daban

gwajin sauti

Saurin sauti ya bambanta gwargwadon matsakaiciyar inda igiyar sauti ke yaduwa. Hakanan yana canzawa tare da zafin jiki na matsakaici. Wannan saboda karuwar zafin jiki yana haifar da ƙaruwa da yawaitar mu'amala tsakanin barbashi da ke ɗauke da girgiza, kuma haɓaka wannan aikin yana ƙaruwa da sauri.

Misali, a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, sauti na iya tafiya mai nisa. Wannan shi ne saboda refraction a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ba matsakaici bane. Kowane dusar ƙanƙara tana da zafin jiki daban. Wurare mafi zurfi da rana ba za ta iya kaiwa sun fi sanyi sanyi. A cikin waɗannan yadudduka masu sanyaya kusa da ƙasa, saurin yaduwar sauti yana da hankali.

Gabaɗaya, saurin sauti ya fi girma a cikin daskararru fiye da ruwa kuma ya fi girma a cikin ruwa fiye da gas. Wannan saboda mafi girman haɗin haɗin atomic ko ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, yana ƙaruwa da abu. Saurin sauti a cikin iska (a zafin jiki na 20 ° C) shine 343,2 m / s.

Bari mu ga saurin sauti a cikin wasu kafofin watsa labarai:

  • A cikin iska, a 0 ° C, sauti yana tafiya cikin sauri na 331 m / s (ga kowane digiri Celsius zazzabi ya hau, saurin sauti yana ƙaruwa da 0,6 m / s).
  • A cikin ruwa (a 25 ° C) yana 1593 m / s.
  • A cikin kyallen takarda yana da 1540 m / s.
  • A cikin itace yana da 3700 m / s.
  • A cikin kankare shine 4000 m / s.
  • A cikin karfe yana 6100 m / s.
  • A cikin aluminium shine 6400 m / s.
  • A cikin cadmium shine 12400 m / s.

Saurin yaduwa na matsin lamba yana da matukar mahimmanci a cikin nazarin yanayin sake kunnawa a cikin mai tara injin juyi kuma ya dogara da halayen muhalli. Misali, ga iskar gas, gaurayawar turɓayar da ke cikin abin da ake ci ko iskar da aka ƙone a cikin isasshen iskar gas ya dogara da yawa da matsin lamba.

Nau'in raƙuman ruwa na yaɗawa

Akwai raƙuman ruwa iri biyu: raƙuman ruwa a tsaye da raƙuman ruwa.

  • Tsawon tsayi: Wave wanda barbashi na matsakaici ke girgiza daga wannan gefe zuwa wancan a cikin shugabanci iri ɗaya. Matsakaici na iya zama mai ƙarfi, ruwa ko gas. Sabili da haka, raƙuman sauti sune raƙuman ruwa a tsaye.
  • Mai wucewa: Wave wanda barbashi a cikin matsakaici ke girgiza sama da ƙasa "a kusurwoyi na dama" zuwa shugabanci na motsi. Waɗannan raƙuman ruwa suna bayyana ne kawai a cikin daskararru da ruwa, ba gas ba.

Amma tuna cewa raƙuman ruwa suna tafiya ta kowane bangare, don haka yana da sauƙi a yi tunanin su yayin wucewa ta wani fanni.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da saurin sauti da halayen sa.


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