Pleistocene fauna

Pleistocene fauna

lokacin Pleistocene Shi ne na farko geological division na Lokacin kwata-kwata. An fi saninsa da ƙananan yanayin zafi wanda ya rufe kusan dukkanin duniya da ƙanƙara. The Pleistocene fauna An siffanta shi da bayyanar manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa irin su mammoth. Mun kuma lura a cikin wannan lokaci da juyin halittar ɗan adam. A wannan lokacin ne kakannin mutanen zamani suka bayyana.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu bincika duk halaye da juyin halitta na fauna Pleistocene.

Gabaɗaya mahallin fauna Pleistocene

Don fahimtar ci gaban fauna na Pleistocene, dole ne mu fahimci mahallin gabaɗaya, yanayi da yanayin ƙasa, da sauransu. Zamani ne wanda yake daya daga cikin mafi yawan bincike kuma yana da mafi yawan bayanan burbushin halittu. Don haka, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin lokutan da ake samun ƙarin fa'ida da ingantaccen bayanai. Wannan lokacin ya fara Shekaru miliyan 2.6 da suka wuce kuma sun ƙare bayan shekarun ƙanƙara na ƙarshe, kusan a cikin shekara 10.000 BC.

A tsawon wannan lokacin, manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da ƙawancinsu ta fuskar haɓakawa da haɓakawa. Daga cikin su akwai mammoth, megatherium da mastodons waɗanda suka mamaye kusan dukkanin duniya. Halin da ya sa su bambanta da sauran dabbobin shine girman girman su. Haka nan wajibi ne a yi tsokaci a kan ci gaban kakannin dan Adam irin su Homo erectus, Homo habilis da Homo neanderthalensis.

Game da ilimin kasa, mun gano cewa an sami ƙaura kaɗan na nahiyoyi. A wannan yanayin, zaɓen nahiya ya yi ƙasa kaɗan kuma ya kasance haka tun daga lokacin. Tuni a wannan lokaci nahiyoyi na da matsayi iri daya kamar yadda suke a yau. Yin nazarin yanayin muna ganin cewa akwai rinjaye na ƙananan yanayin zafi. Kuma shi ne cewa a wannan lokacin da yawa glacial hawan keke faruwa. Hakan ya kasance koyaushe har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin ƙanƙara na ƙarshe. An rufe yawancin duniyar da kankara. Kwararru sun rubuta cewa kusan kashi 30% na duk fadin duniya ya daskare. Pole ta Kudu a Antarctica ya cika da ƙanƙara kamar yau. Duk ƙasashen yankin Arctic Circle ma suna can.

Da zarar mun yi nazarin mahallin wannan lokaci, za mu fara nazarin dabbobin Pleistocene.

Pleistocene fauna

Pleistocene megafauna

A wannan lokacin ne dabbobi masu shayarwa suka zama rukuni mafi rinjaye. Don kiyaye gaba ɗaya hanya duk mulkin da ya fara a lokutan baya. A cikin fauna Pleistocene, fitowar abin da ake kira megafauna ya fito fili. Wannan megafauna yana nufin manya-manyan dabbobi da aka horas da su da su bijirewa yanayin zafi da ake samu a wancan lokacin.

Duk da cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa sune mafi girman ci gaba da rarrabuwar namun daji na wannan lokacin, sauran rukunin dabbobi kamar tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu rarrafe suma sun ci gaba da bambanta. Yawancin waɗannan rukunin dabbobi an kiyaye su har zuwa yau. Duk da haka, ba za a iya cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa sune sarakuna na wannan lokaci ba.

Pleistocene megafauna ya ƙunshi manyan dabbobi. Daga cikin waɗannan dabbobin muna haskaka mafi yawan wakilai waɗanda suke mammoth, megatherium, smilodon, elasmotherium, da sauransu. Za mu bincika ɗaya bayan ɗaya manyan dabbobin fauna na Pleistocene.

Santa

Waɗannan dabbobin na dangin Mammuthus ne kuma sun yi kama da giwayen da muke da su a yau. Daya daga cikin mafi wakilcin halayen wannan rukuni shine tsawanta hanci. Wannan shi ne saboda suna cikin tsari na Proboscidea kuma suna da sashin jiki wanda aka fi sani da proboscis. Sunan kimiyya proboscis. Mammoths kuma suna da dogayen kaifi masu kaifi waɗanda suka taimaka wajen kare yiwuwar mafarauta. Waɗannan hatsarori suna da lanƙwasa mai nuni zuwa sama. Hatsun da aka ce sun ƙunshi hauren giwa.

Dangane da yanki na rarrabawar mutum da kusanci ko nisa na wuraren da yanayin zafi mafi ƙasƙanci, an rufe jiki da fiye ko žasa Jawo. Al'adarsa ko abincinsa ya kasance na ciyawa. Wannan yana nufin cewa fangs suna da aikin tsaro kawai. Duk da girman bayyanarsa da kasancewa na ƙungiyar megafauna Pleistocene, ya zama bacewa a cikin wannan zamani. Godiya ga bayanan burbushin halittu da yawa, an sami damar koyan abubuwa da yawa game da ilimin halittar jiki da tsarin rayuwar wannan nau'in.

megatherium

Waɗannan dabbobin suna cikin tsari na Pilosa kuma suna da alaƙa da raƙuman ruwa na yanzu. Wani nau'in dabba ne da ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma da ke zaune a duniya. Matsakaicin nauyinsa ya kasance tsakanin ton 2.5 da 3 kuma an auna kusan mita 6 tsayi. An sami damar yin nazarin wannan nau'in godiya ga burbushin da aka tattara. Ƙasusuwansa sun yi ƙarfi sosai, don haka an san cewa dole ne ya ɗauki nauyin nama mai yawa.

Kamar sloths a yau, suna da dogayen farata. An yi amfani da waɗannan faranti da farko don tono don neman abinci. Abincinsu gaba ɗaya yana cikin maciji kuma ana tunanin cewa suna da halin kaɗaici. Jikin ya lulluɓe da kauri mai kauri wanda ya taimaka wajen kare kansa daga ƙananan yanayin zafi da ya kasance a wancan lokacin. Wurin zama da yanki na rarrabawa ya kai yankunan Kudancin Amurka.

murmushi

Wannan dabba na dangin Felidae ne, kasancewar dangi kai tsaye na kuliyoyi na yanzu. Babban halayensa shine girman girmansa da dogayen ƙugiya guda biyu waɗanda suka sauko daga muƙarƙashinsa na sama. Godiya ga waɗannan halayen, an san smilodon a duk duniya "Damisa masu hakora". Ita ce daya daga cikin dabbobin da aka fi nazari a duk tarihi domin kuma tana nan a cikin labarai da tatsuniyoyi masu yawa.

Godiya ga burbushin da aka tattara daga waɗannan nau'ikan, mazan na iya kaiwa kilo 300 a nauyi. Sun rayu galibi a duk yankuna na Arewa da Kudancin Amurka.

elasmotherium

Daya ne daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa na dangin Rhinocerotide, masu alaƙa da karkanda na yanzu. Babban halayen waɗannan dabbobin shine kasancewar ƙaho mai girma wanda ke fitowa daga kwanyarsa kuma yana iya kaiwa sama da mita biyu. Abincinsa yana da ciyawa kuma babban abincinsa ciyawa ne.. Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa na Pleistocene, yana da jiki wanda aka lullube shi da kauri mai kauri. Wurin zama da yankin rarraba shi ya kasance a yankunan Asiya ta Tsakiya da tsaunin Rasha.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da fauna na Pleistocene.


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