Kanal Canal

mahimmancin magudanar panama

El Hanyar Panama Hanya ce ta tekun tekun da ke ratsa dukkanin nahiyar Amurka a tsawan Panama. Godiya ga wannan tashar, Tekun Caribbean da Tekun Atlantika za a iya haɗa su da Tekun Pacific. Hanya ce wacce take da mahimmancin tattalin arziki ga ɗan adam.

Saboda haka, zamu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku duk halaye, mahimmancin tattalin arziki da tarihin Canal na Panama.

Babban fasali

Canjin Panama

Hanya ce wacce ta ratsa ƙasan mashigar Panama a cikin mafi ƙarancin ɓangarenta. Ta hanyar tsarin makullai a kowane karshen suna daga kwale-kwalen har zuwa mita 26 a saman tekun kuma suna jagorantar su zuwa Tekun Gatun. Waɗannan ƙarshen sun cika da ruwa kuma sun samar da tafki na wucin gadi wanda daga nan zai sauka a ɗaya gefen don taƙaita gajeren lokacin kewayawa da sadarwa ta teku.

Kafin buɗe waɗannan tashoshin, jiragen ruwa sun sauka zuwa mashigar Magellan da Cape Horn. Wadannan yankuna biyu sune yankin kudu maso kudancin nahiyar Amurka da zasu iya tsallakawa daga wannan teku zuwa wancan. Ginin Canal na Panama ɗayan manyan ayyuka ne na injiniyan duniya na duka karni na XNUMX.

Tarihin Canal na Panama

aiki na magudanar panama

Bari mu taƙaita tarihin wannan tashar. Aborigines na pre-Columbian sun riga sun yi amfani da ƙanƙancin ƙasar ta Panama don samun damar wucewa tsakanin teku da ɗaya. Duk wannan ilimin an sauya shi zuwa ga Mutanen Espanya yayin yaƙin. Da yawa sosai Sarki Charles I a shekara ta 1524 ya ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar tashar da za ta ba da lokacin tafiya tsakanin Peru da Spain. Amma yanayin fasaha da tattalin arziki na Turai bai ba shi izinin wannan lokacin ba.

A cikin karni na XNUMX, tunanin gina magudanar ruwa a matakin teku a Nicaragua ya taso, amma duk wannan aikin ginin ya tsaya ne saboda dalilan siyasa. A yau, wannan tunanin ya sake farfadowa. Shahararren malamin kimiyar bajamushe ne a duk fadin tsibirin Panama wanda shine ya kafa tubalin yadda za'a tona rafin kuma wanda aikinsa yake aka gabatar da Ferdinand de Lesseps shekaru goma daga baya. Wannan mutumin ɗan kasuwar Faransa ne kuma injiniya.

Girman wannan tashar da ke haɗa tashoshin Balboa da Cristóbal suna da nisan kilomita 77. Kulle yana kimanin ƙafa 39 da tsayi 110 ƙafa. Suna riƙe da kusan ƙafa 106 na ruwa. Ketare duka mashigar yakan dauki kimanin awanni 8. Wannan yana ba mu ra'ayin tsawon lokacinsa.

Ayyukan gine-ginen tashar ruwa ta Panama

Akwai ayyukan gini da yawa na wannan hanyar tun lokacin da aka buɗe su a shekara ta 1914. An sauya aikin zuwa wani kamfanin Faransa a lokacin gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Sabuwar Granada a lokacin a 1839. Koyaya, sananne ne cewa gina wannan mashigar yana da matsaloli masu yawa na aiki, gwamnati, da dai sauransu. A sakamakon haka, kamfanin Faransa ya rasa sha'awa kuma ya janye daga sassaucin jim kaɗan bayan haka. A cikin 1879 Faransawan Ferdinand de Lesseps ne suka ɗauki aikin gabaɗaya bayan kammala Suez Canal a Misira. Ya riga ya sami ƙarin ƙwarewa kuma yana son amfani da shi a cikin Canal na Panama.

Ta wannan hanyar da ayyukan suka fara a cikin 1881 a cikin duk annobar cutar zazzabin shawara, kalubalen da ke tattare da yankin kanta da kuma gano cin hanci da rashawa na kamfanoni wanda aka sani a yau da Panama Scandal. Ayyukan sun tsaya a shekara mai zuwa saboda girgizar ƙasa mai ƙarfi ta girgiza duka tsibirin. Tallafin aikin ya daina aiki a cikin 1888 kuma an bar shi gaba ɗaya. Daga nan ne Amurkawa suka shiga tsakani don ci gaba da aikin karni na 1914 kuma, a cewar gwamnatin Panama, ta buɗe ƙofofin tashar a cikin XNUMX.

Matsakaicin iyakar aikin ya kai a cikin 1963. A cikin 2006, an sanar da wani aikin fadada Canal na Panama. ta sabbin makullai don samun sararin da ya fi girma don zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa. An gabatar da wannan shawarar ga wata kuri'ar raba gardama kuma yawancin masu jefa kuri'a sun amince da ita. Ayyukan sun fara ne a shekara mai zuwa, kuma sun ƙare a cikin 2016 a watan Yuni saboda jerin jinkiri da rikicin kuɗi.

Gudanarwa, gudanarwa da mahimmancin tattalin arziki

tsawon aikin

A halin yanzu mashigar Panama tana karkashin mulkin Panama. An ba da wannan gwamnatin har abada ga Amurka da zarar an gina tashar. Wannan matsin lambar ya kasance mai kawo rigima tunda gwamnatoci masu zuwa sunyi shari'a ko sun dawo da ikon mashigar. Sun kuma gwada dawo da tsiri na kilomita 8 kewaye da shi wanda shima an canza shi.

A halin yanzu, yana karkashin gwamnatin Panama kuma an gudanar da wasu shawarwari game da mika ikon tashar zuwa ga hukumomin yankin. Wannan tashar ta kasance mai mahimmanci a cikin kewayawar kasuwanci a duk duniya. Kuma shi ne cewa an gina bankuna da yawa tare da ƙididdigar Panamax, wanda ke nufin cewa suna da matsakaicin girma wanda ya isa ya iya tsallake tsayi da faɗin tashar ba tare da wata matsala ba. Sun kasance jiragen ruwa ne kamar manufar kasuwanci wacce dole ne ta ratsa wannan tashar kuma ta daidaita ƙirar su zuwa girman don kada su haifar da matsala.

Game da mahimmancin, dole ne a kula da cewa babbar hanya ce ta aiki da samun kuɗin ƙasa. Buɗe mashigar ya ba da izinin saurin sauri da fadada canjin kasuwancin kasuwanci. Duk wannan yana da tasirin gaske akan tattalin arzikin duniya yana ba da izini mafi girman daidaito tsakanin ƙasashe masu ci gaba da waɗanda ke ci gaba.

Hakanan yana nufin mahimmin tushen aiki tare da samun kudin shiga na kasa da wasu kayan masarufi ga yankin da kuma musamman ga mutanen Panama.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Canal na Panama, halayensa da mahimmancin tattalin arziki.


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