A zamanin da akwai mutane da basu yarda da juyin halitta ba ko kuma gano wasu abubuwa. Canza abin da ya riga ya kasance kuma abin da aka yi imani da shi gaskiya ne ba zai iya canzawa a cikin dare ba saboda sabon mutum ya ce haka ne. Wannan shi ne abin da ya faru Giordano Bruno saboda sabawa yawan mutane game da cewa Duniya ba cibiyar Duniya bane.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bayyana abin da ya faru da Giordano Bruno da kuma abin da ya ci nasara.
Wanene Giordano Bruno?
Labari ne game da mutumin da ya sadaukar da mafi yawan rayuwarsa ga falsafa da ilimin addini. Ya kasance mai bin addini sosai sannan kuma ya rubuta waka da wasannin kwaikwayo. An haifeshi a 1548 a Nola Napoles. Mai Alƙawari ya yanke masa hukuncin kisa saboda ya aikata abin da ya bayyana a cocin, yana mai bayyana cewa Duniya ba cibiyar Duniya ba ce.
Kamar yadda muka sani a yau, duniyar tamu mallakarta ce Tsarin rana, sun kunshi wasu duniyoyi 8 wadanda suke da zagayawar ranarsu. A cikin 1548 babu irin wannan fasaha don sanin matsayinmu a Duniya. Kamar yadda mutane suka kasance koyaushe, sun yi zunubi don son kai kuma, tabbas, a wannan yanayin, mun yi imani cewa mu ne tsakiyar komai. Giordano Bruno an yanke masa hukuncin kisa kuma, 'yan kwanaki kafin, Paparoma Clement na VIII ya ba shi damar yin watsi da ra'ayinsa kuma ya tuba.
Labarin ya nuna cewa Bruno bai bar abin da ya yi imani da shi ba ko da ta ƙonawa a kan gungumen azaba. Ya kasance mai karfin gwiwa ga manufofinsa har zuwa karshen. Yanzu ana iya kammalawa cewa mutum, wanda bincikensa ya ci gaba don zamaninsa, son kai da coci suka kashe shi da azanci.
Matsalolinsa sun riga sun fara lokacin da ya kuskura ya karanta haramtattun matanin falsafa dan kasar Holland Desiderius Erasmus na Rotterdam. Wannan ya faru a cikin shekara ta 1575 kuma, daga wannan lokacin, aka saka Bruno cikin haske. Wannan shine farkon matsalolinsa. Abubuwan da ya yi imani da su tun yana ƙarami ya zama barazana ga cocin, tunda yana da nasa hanyar fahimtar tauhidin. Communityungiyar addinai da yawa sun wahala da rashin jin daɗi lokacin da suka ji abubuwan da Bruno zai faɗi game da Duniya duk da cewa shi ma mai addini ne.
Matsaloli a rayuwa
Ganin irin abubuwan da ya yi imani da su game da shekarunsa (wanda a karshe aka gano gaskiya ne), An ce Giordano bai taba karbuwa daga mai addini ba. An naɗa shi firist kuma an zarge shi da ɗan bidi'a. Saboda wannan dole ne ya bar Umurnin kuma aka sake shi. Daga baya ya koma addinin Calvin, kodayake manyan ra'ayoyinsa sun kai shi ga ɗaure shi da sauri.
Ba wai kawai Inquisition ya tsananta wa Bruno ba saboda yana da akida ko imani wanda bai yarda da addini ba, amma masu hankali daban-daban sun yi wa mummunar ta'addancin wadanda suka yi kokarin wa'azin kalmar Allah da kawo zaman lafiya a duniya.
A tsawon rayuwarsa, kawai ya yi farin ciki da gaske kuma ya sami nasarar samun kwanciyar hankali a tsawon shekarun da ya yi a London, Paris da Oxford. Sai kawai ya sami damar haɓaka ƙwarewar sa da kyau, ya sami daraja a matsayin marubucin wasu ayyukan ilimin tauhidi.
Ya kuma fara karfafa wasu daga ra'ayoyin sa game da kimiyya da ka'idar heliocentric na Nicolás Copernicus da Tsarin Rana. Wadannan ka'idojin suma suna cikin barazanar ci gaba ta Inquisition kuma ya sami tallafi daga Galileo Galilei.
Akida gabanin lokacin ta
Kuma akwai cewa an sami mutanen da suka ci gaba sosai don lokacin da suka rayu. Wani farfesa daga sashen ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na Jami’ar Jiha ta Sao Paulo (UNESP) mai suna Rodolfo Langhi ya ba da tabbacin cewa Bruno ya sani kuma ya goyi bayan gaskiyar cewa Rana ita ce cibiyar Duniya. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɓaka ra'ayoyi daban-daban dangane da abin da ya koya. Ya tabbatar da cewa Duniya ba ta da iyaka kuma ba ta da wata cibiya kamar yadda muka sani. Wato, akwai wasu duniyoyi da ake rayuwa kamar su Duniya kuma cewa kowane rukuni na duniyoyi suna tawaye ne game da cibiyarsu.
Bruno ya riga yayi tunani a shekara ta 1575 cewa a cikin Duniya akwai wasu duniyoyi da yawa kamar Duniya da kuma wasu manyan taurari kamar Rana. Ya tabbatar da cewa akwai sauran duniyoyi da suka wuce Saturn kewayawa da Rana. Daga baya, bayan abubuwan da aka gano na Uranus, Neptuno y Pluto a 1871m 1846 da 1930, bi da bi, an nuna cewa bai yi kuskure ba.
Matsalar da Bruno ya samu tare da jama'a shine cewa bai ɗora imaninsa akan bayanan kimiyya da hujjoji ba. Akasin haka, yana tunani game da imanin addini kuma wannan shine abin da ke ƙara masa matsaloli har sai da ya kasance cikin ginshiƙai na Inquisition. Bayan an zarge shi da wani ɗan bidi'a, dole ne ya bar Paris a 1586. Ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa a ciki ya zagi jami'an Cocin da membobinsu kawai don sake tabbatar da ra'ayinsa.
Bayan barin Paris sai ya tafi Jamus inda ya nemi mafaka a addinin Lutheranism. Sun kuma kore shi daga can tsawon lokaci.
Garshen Giordano Bruno
Babban kuskure a rayuwarsa ba tare da wata shakka ba shi ne komawarsa Italiya bayan shekaru 15 da barinsa. Kuma shi ne cewa mai girma Giovanni Mocenigo ya ci amanarsa wanda, a ƙarƙashin uzurin cewa Bruno shine malamin sa, Ya gayyace shi gidansa kuma a nan ne ya ba da shi ga Inquisition na Venetian.
Lokacin da yake da gwajin da ya dace, sai ya kawar da girman kai da girman kan da yake da shi a duk tsawon shekarun nan kuma ya bi da juriya sosai. Koyaya, yayi latti don komawa fewan matakai. Hukuncin shi ne cewa an kona shi a fili a gungumen azaba a hannun Inquisition. Kodayake ya yi iƙirarin cewa wa'azinsa Ba addinai bane, amma falsafa, ya mutu akan gungumen azaba, an bisne shi a shekara ta 1600.
Kamar yadda kuka gani, Cocin ta kashe masu yada gaskiya na gaske cikin tarihi. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da rayuwar Giordano Bruno.