Daya daga cikin mahimman taurarin taurari shine Bearamin ararami. Tana cikin yankin arewacin duniya kuma ana iya ganin ta daga Turai a cikin shekara. Wannan rukunin taurarin yana da taurari da yawa, babban shine Polaris. Yana daya daga cikin mahimman mahimmanci ga masu ilimin taurari tunda sauran samfuran sama da yawa suna amfani da wannan tauraron kamar dai yana da wata mahallin juyawa. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin almara na Vedas Indiyawa, Polaris yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar alloli.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk halaye, aiki da mahimmancin tauraron tauraruwar Ursa.
Babban fasali
Siffar Ursa Karami yayi kama da na Babban Barka, amma akasin haka, ginshiƙanta ba madaidaiciya ba ne, amma juya baya ne. Babban tauraro na wannan tauraron, Polaris, yana riƙe da tsayayyen matsayi a cikin sararin dare. Tsayin matsayin tauraruwa a arewa yayi daidai da latit na mai kallo. Taurarin ya kunshi taurari bakwai masu fasali kamar mota, hudu daga ciki sune zurfin sashin motar sauran ukun kuma sune abin rike motar.
Mafi shahararren sashi na Ursa orananan shine North Star, wanda yake kan tsawaitawar doron ƙasa, saboda haka ya kasance yana daidaita a sama kuma yana nuna yankin arewa. Masu binciken jirgi suna amfani da shi azaman Taurarin Arewa. Maimaita magana yayin tafiya. Sai dai Tauraruwar Arewa, Ursa orananan ba shi da abubuwan da ke da sha'awa ga ilimin taurari. Idan aka ba da wurin, Ursa orananan ana iya ganinsa a arewacin arewacin, amma a sake dawowa, a cikin wannan sasanninta ana ganin sa duk shekara. Tare da babban abokin cincinsa, ɗayan ɗayan halayen halayyar samaniya ne na arewacin duniya.
Ursa myananan labaru
A cikin tatsuniyoyin Girka, akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da asalin Ursa orananan. Ofayan nata ita ce Fénice, wacce aka sauya mata addini Artemis ya shiga cikin beyar bayan sha'awar Zeus. Wannan labarin yayi kamanceceniya da na Callisto. An shigar dashi cikin Ursa Major, saboda haka wasu mawallafa sunyi imanin cewa dole ne a sami bala'i a cikin labarin farko tare da haruffa iri biyu (Zeus zai mai da Callisto zuwa Ursa Major kuma daga baya Artemis ya maida shi Ursa Uananan).
Callisto kyakkyawar almara ce wacce ta ƙaunaci Zeus. Tare suna da ɗansu Arcas. Matar Zeus, Hera, ta juya Callisto ta zama beyar saboda kishi. Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, Callisto ta haɗu da ɗanta, wanda bai san ta a sigar dabba ba kuma yana son ya kashe ta. Don ceton ta Zeus ya juya ɗansa zuwa beyar kuma ya ajiye su duka a sama, wanda hakan ya haifar da Ursa Major da Ursa orananan.
Babban taurari na Ursa Minananan
Bari mu taƙaita waɗanda sune manyan taurari na Ursa orananan:
- rsa Ursae Minoris (Polaris, Polar Star ko North Star), tauraruwa mafi haske a cikin taurarin tauraruwa, supergiant mai launin rawaya da canjin Cepheid na girma 1,97.
- rsa Ursae Minoris (Kochab), na girman 2,07, katuwar tauraruwar lemu wacce a da ake amfani da ita azaman tauraron dan adam.
- rsa Ursae Minoris (Pherkad), ya kai kimanin 3,00, fari da kuma tauraruwar tauraruwar Delta Delta.
- rsa Ursae Minoris (Yildun ko Pherkard), farin tauraro mai girma 4,35.
- rsa Ursae Minoris, eclipsing binary da RS Canum Venaticorum masu girma na girma 4,21.
- rsa Ursae Minoris (Anwar al Farkadain), farin-rawaya dwarf na girma 4,95.
- kwanyar kai, suna mara izini ga abin da ake tsammanin shine mafi kusancin tauraron dan adam zuwa Duniya.
Mahimmancin Pole Star
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, Polaris yana cikin rukunin taurarin Ursa orananan. Wannan tauraron taurari ne wanda za'a iya gani a sararin samaniya a duk shekara. Muna iya ganin waɗanda ke zaune ne kawai a arewacin duniya. Taurarin ya kunshi taurari 7, gami da Pole Star. Ana iya gano shi a sauƙaƙe azaman tauraron ƙaton rawaya, wanda ke da tsananin haske da wuce girman rana. Kodayake wannan ba ze zama daidai ba, tauraruwa ce da ta fi rana girma. Koyaya, ya yi nisa fiye da yadda ake tsammani, don haka ba za mu iya ganin girmansa ɗaya ba ko ƙyale shi ya haskaka mana yadda rana take yi.
Kafin ƙirƙirar radar da GPS da tsarin tsarin wuri, an yi amfani da Pole Star azaman jagorar kewayawa. Wannan na iya zama saboda yana taimaka wajan daidaita kan ka a saman doron samaniya.
Yadda Ake Gano Pole Star
Tauraruwa ce da aka gyara kuma duk da cewa sauran taurarin suna da alama suna tafiya a sama, ba haka bane. Abu ne mai sauki ka gane saboda gaba daya tsayayye ne. Yana kusa da Babban Abincin. Taurarin biyu suna kama saboda sunada taurari 7 kuma sunada kamannin mota.
Ya banbanta da sauran taurari domin tauraruwa ce da take tsaye a sama. Zaka iya ganin sauran taurari suna jujjuyawa a zagayen Duniyar juyawa. Tafiyar taurari na tsawan awanni 24, kamar duniyoyi da rana, don haka idan har muna son sanin matsayin tauraron dan adam a wani lokaci, dole ne mu kiyaye Babban Nitsarwar. Ana yin wannan saboda ƙawancen taurari ne mai sauƙin gani kuma, kusa da shi, shine Pole Star.
Idan muna son ganin sa, kawai zamu zana wani layin kirki wanda zai ɗauki matsayin matattarar isharar tauraruwa biyu a cikin babban tauraron Ursa Major da ake kira Merak da Dhube. Waɗannan taurari biyu suna da sauƙin ganewa a cikin sama. Da zarar an hango su, dole ne mu zana wani tsinkayen layin a nisan sau 5 wanda tsakanin waɗannan biyun don nemo Pole Star.
A cikin tarihi, ana amfani da wannan tauraron a matsayin matattarar ishara ga dubban matuƙan jirgin ruwa da suka yi balaguro a cikin teku. Ka tuna cewa waɗanda suka yi tafiya ta Arewacin theasashen Arewa ne kawai za su iya gani. Godiya ga wannan tauraruwa wacce ta zama jagora ga mutane da yawa, zasu iya isa matsayin biranen sosai.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da taurari Ursa orananan.