Ana matukar fargaba da aman wuta a yankuna da yawa na duniya saboda ikon lalata komai. Waɗannan tunatarwa ne cewa duniyarmu dole ne ta gargaɗe mu cewa tana da ikon sakin duk fushin da aka danne a kowane lokaci. Ga masana kimiyya, tsinkaya a Bayyanar dutsen mai fitad da wuta yana da matukar rikitarwa. Akwai masu canji da yawa waɗanda ke tasiri akan wannan aikin. Wasu duwatsu masu aman wuta suna da matukar damuwa fiye da yadda aka basu wasu mahimmancin haɗari ko kuma saboda yawan mutanen da zasu iya shafar.
A cikin wannan sakon zamuyi magana game da duk halayen dutsen da ke fashewa da kuma wadanda sune dutsen da dutsen da fitowar sa ke daf da zuwa kuma ake tsammani. Kuna so ku sani?
Haɗarin fashewar dutsen mai fitad da wuta
Ga wani yanayi na halitta kamar hadari, guguwar iska, guguwa ko, kamar yadda a wannan yanayin, dutsen mai fitad da wuta don samun wani haɗari, dole ne a sami yawan mutanen da zai iya shafar su. Si wani abin al'ajabi na halitta baya shafar mutane "ba hatsari bane". Saboda haka, ana iya cewa, gwargwadon tasirin tasirin kayayyakin mutane da rayukansu, haɗarinsu yana ƙaruwa ko raguwa.
Farin dutse mai aman wuta na iya zama mai hatsari sosai dangane da irin fashewar dutsen da kuke da shi. Akwai fashewar abubuwa iri-iri. Waɗannan su ne manyan su:
- Hawan Amurka: Wannan nau'in fashewar yana da cikakkiyar abun da ke cikin basalt. Sunanta saboda gaskiyar abin da ke faruwa a wasu tsibirai kamar tsibirin Hawaiian. Lava yawanci yana da ruwa sosai.
- Fuskokin Strombolian: Su ne mafi shahara saboda kasancewar su waɗanda suke fitowa a cikin fina-finai da jerin. Magma yana da ruwa sosai kuma yana da basalts. Ana iya gani cewa magma sannu a hankali yana tashi daga layin dutsen mai fitad da wuta har sai ya haifar da fashewa sannan ya sake dukkan lava. Ana yin kumfa a ciki kamar dai a fim.
- Fuskokin Vulcan: Mun sami ƙananan nau'in fashewa. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da bututun mai fitad da wuta ya cika da lava kuma, ta hanyar tarawa, ana buɗe ta don fitar da komai. Fashewar waɗannan magmas na iya ɗaukar awanni kaɗan.
- Fuskokin Plinian: Wadannan fashewar suna da yanayin kasancewar iskar gas mai yawa. Lokacin da kayan sihiri suka gauraya da iskan gas, ana samarda kayan gauta. Shahararren dutsen dutsen da aka kafa a cikin waɗannan fashewar.
- Surtseyan fashewa: Suna faruwa yayin magma yana hulɗa da ruwan teku. Idan wannan yana da yawa, za a sami fashewar abubuwa kamar waɗanda suka faru a dutsen Surtsey (saboda haka sunan ta).
- Ruwa mai guba na Hydrovolcanic: A cikinsu akwai fashewar da tururin ruwa da ke saman dutsen ya samar. Wadannan fashewar abubuwa suna haifar da mummunan sakamako kuma suna malalo laka.
Dutsen aman wuta "yana jiran" fashewa
Lokacin da muke magana game da dutsen da ke jiran dutsen aman wuta, yana kasancewa mara kyau. Wannan saboda yana iya zama kusan aiki da ilimin geologically ko kusan aiki da ilimin ɗan adam. Don ilimin geology, lokacin ilimin kasa sikeli ne wanda duk wasu matakai a duniya suke faruwa dashi. Ma'aunin shekaru miliyoyi ne ba karni irin na ɗan adam ba.
Sabili da haka, dutsen mai fitad da wuta na iya kasancewa “mai jiran gado” don ya ɓarke kuma ba zai iya shafar mutane ba a halin yanzu kwata-kwata. Akai misali fashewa ta Kilauea dutsen mai fitad da wuta. Yi tunanin cewa yana jiran geologically. Wannan zai sa shi ya fashe tsakanin shekaru 250.000. Don lokacin geologic, wannan adadi a cikin shekaru yayi ƙasa. Koyaya, a ma'aunin ɗan adam ba abin tsammani bane. Tabbas ba zai dame ka ba ka san cewa meteorite zai fada duniyar mu cikin shekaru 250.000.
Misali na gaske shine dutsen dutsen Yellowstone Caldera. Hasashen sa yana da mummunan rauni. Masana suna da'awar cewa kwararar ruwan zai tsawaita tsakanin kilomita 50 zuwa 65. Dutsen dutsen ba zai iya yin dubun shekaru ba. Koyaya, kawai kuna da gargaɗin shekara guda don shirya don irin wannan bala'in.
Masana kimiyya sun koya game da dutsen mai fitad da wuta don fahimtar halayyar da ƙoƙarin hango shi. Ba a san abu kaɗan ba game da duwatsun wuta da ke aiki a duniya a halin yanzu. Abinda aka sani shine akwai volcanoes 550 a duniya. Wannan lambar ba ta hada da wadanda ake samu a gindin tekuna ba. Sai kawai dutsen da ke kusa da yankunan duniya na farko kamar su Amurka, Japan ko Italiya ana sanya ido akai-akai.
Nazarin Dutse
Masana kimiyya suna ci gaba da nazarin yiwuwar fitowar dutsen mai fitad da wuta. Don gano ko wadanne ne suka fi saurin fashewa, ana la'akari da jerin duwatsun da suka yi wasu irin fashewa a cikin shekaru 10.000. Don kare jama'a daga bala'i, ya kamata a ƙara sa ido kuma a cire mutanen da ke cikin haɗari. Lokacin da aka cire yawan jama'a, ana iya ƙirƙirar ƙararrawa na ƙarya da ƙin yarda iri ɗaya. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar da cewa fashewar dutsen ba da dadewa ba.
Kamar yadda muka fada a cikin sakon, yana da matukar wahala a san ko duwatsu masu aman wuta za su iya fashewa. Masana kimiyya sun yi nasarar gano duwatsun da ke bukatar karin kulawa. An tsara jerin mahimman abubuwa. Wannan ba yana nufin cewa dutsen da ke cikin jerin dole ya fashe ba.
Dutsen tsaunuka da suka bayyana a cikin jerin suna da saurin canzawa. Yawancin su suna cikin yankuna masu yawan gaske tare da mahimman abubuwan tattalin arziki. Suna da ikon samar da toka mai yawa, kwararar ruwa mai motsi, kwararar ruwa, da dai sauransu.
Duk waɗannan abubuwan suna da haɗarin isa don kawai sauke. Wajibi ne a kara yin taka tsantsan kuma a shirya kwashe mutanen da wuri-wuri.
Waɗannan su ne volcanoes 16 a kan jerin:
- Avachinsky-Koryaksky a Kamchatka, Rasha
- Colima a Jalisco, Mexico
- Galeras a Nariño, Colombia
- Mauna Loa in Hawaii, Amurka
- Etna a Sicily, Italiya
- Merapi a tsakiyar Java, Indonesia
- Nyiragongo a Arewacin Kivu, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
- Rainier a Washington, Amurka
- Vesuvius a Campania, Italiya
- Unzen a Nagasaki / Kumamoto, Japan
- Sakurajima a Kagoshima, Japan
- Santa Maria a Quetzaltenango, Guatemala
- Santorini a Kudancin Aegean, Girka
- Taal Volcano a Calabarzon, Philippines
- Teide a cikin Canary Islands, Spain
- Ulawun a cikin New Britain, Papua New Guinea
Saboda mutanen da ke zaune a waɗannan wurare, ina fata ba za su yi ɓarna a ma'aunin ɗan adam ba.