Maɗaukaki kuma mafifici, kamar yadda sunan yake nunawa. Tierra del Fuego, mafi ƙanƙanta lardin Argentina, idan ba a dauke shi a matsayin matsananci ƙasa. A zahiri ƙarshen duniya ne, ba kawai don nisa ba har ma saboda rashin sadarwa tare da muhalli. Kuma gaskiyar ita ce, wannan tsibiri, ko da a yau, ba za a iya shiga ta iska kawai ba. Yana da halaye na musamman da bambancin halittu.
Saboda haka, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar ku sani game da Tierra del Fuego, menene halaye da abubuwan son sani.
Asalin da tarihin Tierra del Fuego
Halayen jiki na Tierra del Fuego sun bambanta. Galibin arewacin tsibirin babban tsibiri na kunshe ne da filin glacial, galibi tafkuna da kuma morai. Tsayinsa bai wuce mita 180 ba. Tekun Atlantika da mashigar Magellan suna da ƙasa.
Sabanin haka, yankunan kudu da yammacin babban tsibirin da tsibirai tsawo ne na Andes, tare da kololuwa waɗanda suka wuce ƙafa 7.000, musamman halayen dutsen glaciers na Sarmiento, Darwin da Tierra del Fuego.
Akwai gandun daji na beech a tsakiyar babban tsibirin kuma filin arewa yana cike da ciyawa. Wani jirgin ruwa Fernando de Magallanes ne ya gano tsibiran a shekara ta 1520 sa’ad da ya bi ta mashigin da ke ɗauke da sunansa kuma ya kira yankin Tierra del Fuego.
Matafiya da dama ne suka tsallaka yankin, amma sai da rundunar sojan Biritaniya ta gudanar da wani bincike mai zurfi kan daukacin tsibirin. tsakanin 1826 da 1836 sun yi yunƙurin na'urar tantancewa. Shekaru 350 bayan tafiyar Magellan, yankin ya kasance karkashin mamayar mutanensa ba tare da tantama ba. Indiyawa, Ona, Yahgan da Alacaluf Indiyawa.
A "karshen duniya," a yankin Tierra del Fuego na tsibirin Argentine, akwai tarihin matsugunin Turai. Sakamakon cin zinare da man fetur da kuma manyan wuraren ciyayi, Turawa suka yi ta jirgin ruwa zuwa wannan yanki na kudanci da fatan samun kudi.
A yau, biranen kudancin Argentina sun dogara ne akan wannan tarihin mai albarka. To sai dai kuma kafin shigowar ‘yan kasashen waje, akwai wasu kungiyoyi da ba a san su ba. Yaghan (ko Yamana), Alacaluts, da mutanen Ona sun taɓa yawo ta wannan yanki da ya zama kufai da kuma jure yanayin yanayi mara kyau. Dabbobin daji da albarkatun ruwa da suka dogara da su ba su sami ƙarancin gasa ba.
Clima
Yanayin Tierra del Fuego yana da sanyi a lokacin rani da sanyi a lokacin sanyi, tare da babban bambanci na ruwan sama na shekara-shekara daga inci 180 (4.600 mm) a Bahía Félix a tsibirin hamadar Chile zuwa inci 20 a Río Grande, Argentina. A cikin yankunan kudu da yammacin da aka fallasa, ciyayi sun iyakance ga mosses da shrubs.
Yanayin da ke wannan yanki bai dace da rayuwa ba. Yana cikin yanayin yanayin tekun subpolar (Köppen CFC rarrabuwar yanayi), tare da gajere kuma sanyi lokacin rani, dogo da lokacin sanyi: yankin arewa maso gabas yana da iska mai karfi, yayin da kudu da yamma ke da karancin ruwan sama, kuma mafi yawan lokuta yana da iska, da hazo, da kuma danshi. Akwai ƴan kwanaki babu ruwan sama, ƙanƙara, ƙanƙara, ko dusar ƙanƙara.
Layin dusar ƙanƙara na dindindin yana farawa a 700 m sama da matakin teku. Isla de los Estados yana da tazarar kilomita 230 gabas da Ushuaia, tare da ruwan sama mai tsawon milimita 1.400. Yamma na samun ruwan sama mafi tsanani, 3.000 mm kowace shekara.
Yanayin zafin jiki ya kasance iri ɗaya a duk shekara: a Ushuaia, Yanayin zafi a lokacin rani kawai ya wuce 9 ° C, kuma matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin hunturu shine 0 ° C. Dusar ƙanƙara na iya faruwa a lokacin rani. Lokacin sanyi da rigar lokacin rani na taimakawa kare dusar ƙanƙara.
Tsibiri na kudu yana da yanayi na tundra na musamman na subantarctic, wanda ke hana bishiyoyi girma. Wani ɓangare na yankin ƙasa yana da yanayin iyakacin duniya. Yankunan duniya masu irin wannan yanayi a kudancin Tierra del Fuego sune tsibiran Aleutian, Iceland, Alaska Peninsula, da Tsibirin Faroe.
Iyaka da yawan jama'ar Tierra del Fuego
Tierra del Fuego, wanda yayi daidai da Antarctica da Kudancin Atlantic, na ɗaya daga cikin larduna 23 na Argentina. A lokaci guda, yana daya daga cikin larduna 24 masu cin gashin kansu da suka hada da kasarHakanan ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 24 na majalisar dokoki na ƙasa, dangane da babban birninta Ushuaia kuma birni mafi yawan jama'a, tsibiri ne na Argentina.
Patagonia, dake cikin matsananciyar kudancin Argentina, ta mamaye wani babban tsibiri, teku da kuma yankin Antarctic, wanda ya tashi daga Tierra del Fuego zuwa Antarctica, gami da tsibirin Staten, Tsibirin Falkland, tsibiran Kudancin Atlantika da tsibirin Antarctic. An kafa triangle, sassan Meridian sune 74 ° W da 25 ° W koli da Pole ta Kudu. A Amurka, lardin yana iyaka da Santa Cruz zuwa arewa, Chile zuwa yamma, tashar Beagle a kudu, da Chile a kudu. Antarctica, lardin kuma yana iyaka da yammacin Chile, amma har yanzu ba a tantance iyakar ba.
Dangane da yawan jama'a, Darwin ya tsira daga mummunan yanayi kuma ya dauki matakai masu tsauri, yana bayyana al'ummar da ta kebanta da wannan al'ada da kuma sanannen halinta, yana ba su lakabin "Ubangiji mara sa'a na wannan kasa mai wahala."
Dangane da yanayin ƙasa da al'ada daban-daban daga Yaghan, Ona mutane ne da ke zaune a ƙasa. Suna da manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu: Hausch da Selk'nam. Akwai sassa biyu a ƙarshen, ɗayan yana cikin jejin jeji a arewacin Kogin Wuta, ɗayan kuma yana cikin wurin shakatawa na kudu da gandun daji.
Ba kamar mutanen da ke bakin teku ba, waɗannan mutane sun kasance manya kuma sun tsira daga farautar guanaco da tuco-tuco (wani rodent da ke amfani da baka da kibiya a matsayin makami). A halin yanzu, Argentina, ba za ku ga alamar waɗannan ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ba. Rayuwa a cikin wani kusurwa mara kyau na duniya, Yaghan, Alacaluts da Ona sun tabbatar sun kasance mutane masu ƙarfi da ɗorewa. Duk da haka, waɗannan halaye ba su kare su daga kwararar cututtuka da al'adun kasashen waje ba.
Gano albarkatun kasa da Mutanen Espanya suka yi, daga baya kuma da wasu mazauna Turai suka yi, ya kawo sauye-sauye cikin sauri ga waɗannan al'adun tarihi. Cutar ta Turai ta shafe yawancin al'ummomin biyu, kuma wadanda suka tsira sun fuskanci matsalar lalacewar al'adu.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da Tierra del Fuego da halayensa.
Abinda kawai ya dace game da tsibirin Miter shine matsayinsa na yanki. Duk kokarin da ake yi wajen kiyaye dabi'a wani uzuri ne na hana mutane tunkarar wannan yanki. A kudu da miter Peninsula akwai filaye da ba su bayyana a halin yanzu taswira. Sirrin kasa wanda dole ne a kiyaye shi kada ya fito fili. Katafaren gidan wasan kwaikwayo da aka kafa don haka.
Duk wanda ya tunkari yankin kudu an kawar da shi. An riga an sami shaida da yawa na wannan tare da jiragen ruwa da suka nutse. Babban girma.
A kudancin tsibirin miter akwai wuraren ɓoye kuma mutanen da ke zaune a cikin su. Yagan.
Idan kun yi niyyar zuwa kudu za su hana ku. An ƙirƙiro dokoki, dokoki da shirme dubu don yin haka. Yankin miter yana kusa da waɗancan wuraren ɓoye waɗanda ba su bayyana akan taswira ba. Babu wanda ya shiga yankin kuma ma’aikatan jirgin ba sa zuwa kamun kifi.
Kudancin tsibirin na jihohi shine babban yankin.