Tachyons

In physics and astronomy, hypothetical particles are studied that are capable of traveling faster than the speed of light. These hypothetical particles are called tachyons. Although Einstein's theory of relativity tells us that particles cannot travel faster than the speed of light, these types of particles are used to perform various studies from which great scientific benefits are obtained.

In this article we are going to tell you everything you need to know about tachyons and their characteristics.

What are tachyons

tachyons and universe

When we analyze the different particles that travel through space and time in physics or gastronomy, we say that there is the limit of the speed of light. Whoever can travel at a speed faster than light, will be able to travel in time. From the set of tachyons that are capable of traveling at high speed, tachyon energy is born. This type of energy is neutral and moves at a speed 27 times the speed of light. The tachyons are the components of this type of energy and corresponds to the energy of thought.

If we analyze it from the point of view of Einstein's theory of special relativity, the tachyon is a hypothetical particle that has a space-type quadrimoment. This implies that its energy and moments are real, its mass at rest would be an imaginary number. This means that your quad will be negative. We analyze your own moment of time and see that you will experience a tachyon that is also imaginary.

A curious effect that tachyons have this, unlike real particles, the speed of these particles grow as their energy to grow. The consequence that this can happen is due to special relativity. Hypothetically we mark a kind of tachyon with a negative square mass. If we agree with Einstein, the total energy that a particle has is its rest mass times the speed of light squared and multiplied by the Lorentz factor.

When tachyons are used for ordinary matter we see that energy increases with speed and becomes infinite as speed approaches the speed of light. If the mass is imaginary we will have that the denominator of the fraction must also be imaginary in order to obtain the common energy real number. For the denominator to be imaginary, the square root number must be negative. This will only happen if the speed of the particular going is greater than the speed of light. This is where the fact that the tachyon is a particle that travels at a higher speed originates will make light do.

Limitations and field theory

Tachyons

It should be noted that tachyons are limited by the proportion of graphite spatial type that is obtained by analyzing energy and moment. Therefore, this hypothetical particle can never go at speeds lower than that of light. As a curious fact, as the energy of this particle decreases, its speed increases.

If tachyons existed and could interact with ordinary matter the principle of causality could be violated. This principle describes the relationship between causes and effects. It is a fundamental principle for all natural sciences, especially in the field of physics. Causality can also be studied from other perspectives such as philosophy, computation and statistics.

According to the theory of general relativity, it is possible to construct space-times in which particles can propagate faster than the speed of light. This is a space of time always relative to a distant observer.

If we go to field theory we see that tachyons are usually a scalar field. In this case, it has a negative squared mass. The fact that such a particular exists means that there is an instability of the space-time vacuum. This is because the vacuum energy has a maximum rather than a minimum. A small impulse in this space and time could cause a decay of exponential amplitudes that produces a condensation of tachyons.

Tachyons also appear in many versions of string theory. This theory states that all we see are particles divided into electrons, photons, gravitons, etc. All these particles are actually different vibratory states of the same string. Then, the mass of a particular can be deduced as that vibration exerted by the string. The tachyons appear in the spectrum of states of the permissible chord and it means that some states have negative squared masses. Therefore, they are imaginary masses.

Could tachyons answer questions about the universe?

The scientists Herb Fried, from Brown University, and Yves gabellini, from INLN-Université de Nice, consider that the mysteries of the Standard Model can be solved by tachyons. These scientists have come up with a model based on tachyons while trying to find an explanation for dark energy in space. The model they created had various mathematical difficulties as there were totally unexpected imaginary numbers.

We know that the rest mass of a tachyon is an imaginary number. This is not the case with ordinary particles. Scientists realized that by including fluctuating tachyon and anti-tachyon pairs, imaginary numbers that did not help to complete the calculations could be eliminated. They could also explain the rapid expansion of the universe in the initial moments of its creation.

These assumptions cannot be denied by any experimental test. However, the model fits perfectly with all the experimental data currently available on dark energy and the energy of inflation that occurred when the big bang created the universe.

All these calculations suggest that high-energy tachyons would be capable of being able to reabsorb almost all the photons that are emitted and, therefore, they become invisible.

I hope that with this information you can learn more about what tachyons are.


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