Surely you have ever heard of the string theory. This is one of the most intriguing hypotheses in the entire world. In science diverse theories are born that try to explain the why of certain facts or results. However, string theory is one of the best known and most special out there. What is this theory really about?
Here we explain everything about this theory and its characteristics, so that you can finally hear about it and know what it is about.
Forces of the universe
It is a theory capable of explaining the world around us. Since it has always been thought about the dimensions that this planet has, it was thought that it had more than three dimensions. The known dimensions are width, height, and length. However, the Universe is made up of more dimensions. Many scientists have been explaining how gravity works and if really the Sun at such a distance as it is, it could attract the Earth.
If there is an object that has mass, the space it is in is curved. That curvature is what communicates with gravity. The Earth has a certain mass and therefore also curves space. The curvature of space is what causes the object to move around. That is to say, it is the Sun that through its gravity is capable of making the Earth move and that has the translational movement.
Scientists like Albert Einstein and Theodor Kaluza They tried to unify a theory that could collect and describe all the fundamental forces that govern the universe. It would thus be treated as an essential equation that could open all doors. Gravity is defined as a set of curves and deformations in space and time. Therefore, an attempt was made to carry out another equation for the electromagnetic force.
Given that spacetime had already been used to explain gravity, what other factor could be responsible for the electromagnetic force? As there was nothing else to explain it, the idea that there were extra dimensions was introduced. In other words, in order to describe the electromagnetic force, more dimensions had to be introduced into the universe. Thus, the universe would have 4 dimensions and not 3.
Dimensions of the universe
In this way, we would have 3 physical dimensions and time as a fourth dimension. When applying the formulas with a fourth dimension it was found that everything was perfect, but it did not mean that he had found the key. That is, if there are more dimensions in the universe, why don't we see them? The theory had to describe that there are different types of dimensions in the universe. There are some large ones that are easy to see and others that are smaller and rolled up on themselves.
Small dimensions are so small in size that they go unnoticed. We cannot see them. Although it cannot be understood with the naked eye, there are some examples that make it easier to understand dimensions that we cannot see.
Although a cable may seem like a one-dimensional object to us from afar, we know that it is not. The cable has a width, height and length, that is, the physical dimensions that we have in our reality. However, for ants, walking along this cable is completely three-dimensional and super accessible.
Scientist Klein's idea is somewhat similar, but on a much smaller scale. If we were really small ants, we could move to smaller scales of space-time and be able to see those extra dimensions. The dimensions remain rolled up on themselves. The main question is, do these applications work in the real world? The answer is no.
With these data, scientists could not have data such as the mass of an electron. The idea is to be able to explain the entire universe with a unified theory.
String theory and its explanation
Scientists today speak of knowing the smallest, indivisible, and inseparable element that exists in the world. Let's imagine we have a soccer ball. Although atoms are thought to be the smallest unit that can be seen, These are in turn made up of smaller particles like fermions and bosons. Quarks are a type of fermion that protons are made of. Despite what was believed, inside the quarks we can see a small filament of energy that vibrates. It is a rope. For this reason, it is known as string theory.
These small strings are similar to those of a musical instrument and can vibrate in different ways. It is arguably the most basic piece in the entire universe. Strings is what we see in the entire universe completely, since everything is made up of atoms which in turn are made up of protons and, in turn, of quarks, and in turn of strings.
This theory can, then, explain the origin of all the fundamental forces in the universe. All types of energies would have these vibrating strings in common. To see if this works I had to test them in math by having a universe with three dimensions. However, this only works by having a universe with 10 physical dimensions and time. If it is already difficult to imagine a universe with four physical dimensions, imagine with 10.
Explanations of the extra dimensions
String theory allows us to explain what happens in a black hole and what happened before Big Bang. This theory tells that the Big Bang could be the result of the merger or collision of universes. In addition, it allows you to use things like wormholes to be able to travel to other universes. Thanks to this theory, we could know how to travel to a universe where life will be extended when the cosmos dies.
If by having the Big Bang collision we now have less energy than there was before, you can think that that excess energy has gone to the other dimensions.
Be that as it may, it is not so necessary to have a theory that tells us everything that happens in the universe in that way, so we can live without string theory.